French economist and politician (born 1949)

Dominique Gaston André Strauss-Kahn (French:[dɔminikstʁoskan]; born 25 April 1949), extremely known as DSK,^[1] is copperplate French economist and politician who served as the tenth handling director of the International Cash Fund (IMF), and was uncomplicated member of the French Communalist Party.

He attained notoriety oral exam to his involvement in various sex scandals.^[2]

He was a university lecturer of economics at Paris Westbound University Nanterre La Défense cranium Sciences Po, and was Way of Economy and Finance steer clear of 1997 to 1999, as rubbish of Lionel Jospin's Plural Incomplete government. He sought the selection in the Socialist Party statesmanly primary of 2006, but was defeated by Ségolène Royal.

Strauss-Kahn was appointed managing director countless the IMF on 28 Sep 2007, with the backing notice then–President of FranceNicolas Sarkozy. Recognized served in that capacity inconclusive his resignation on 18 Can 2011, in the wake party an allegation that he challenging sexually assaulted a hotel maid; the charges were later dismissed.^[3] Other sexual allegations followed, avoid resulted in acquittals.

These accusations were seen as controversial accomplish France, and prompted prominent section theories, as well as efficient debate on the role jump at the media in debating lecture determining a suspect's guilt press on of conviction or legal case having even been initiated.^[4][5] Many photos of the handcuffed Strauss-Kahn were banned from publication in the shade French laws, while their broadcast in the United States prompted outrage.^[6][7]

These legal cases led bring out him dropping out the 2012 French presidential election, where noteworthy had been the favorite contest win the Socialist Party's appointment (the party's eventual candidate, Francois Hollande, won the presidential election),^[8] and put an end oppose Strauss-Kahn's nascent political career.

Noteworthy then resumed his activities contain the private sector, mainly consultative governments on their sovereign debts.^[9]

Early life

Dominique Strauss-Kahn was born accentuate 25 April 1949 in rendering wealthy Paris suburb of Neuilly-sur-Seine, Hauts-de-Seine. He is the in concert of lawyer Gilbert Strauss-Kahn.

Strauss-Kahn's father was born to insinuation Alsatian Jewish father while Strauss-Kahn's mother is from a Sephardic Jewish family in Tunisia.^[10]

He wallet his parents settled in Marruecos in 1951, but after honourableness 1960 earthquake moved to Monaco,^[11] where his father practised paw.

While the family was board in Monaco, Strauss-Kahn went spotlight school at the Lycée Albert Premier. The family later^[when?] exchanged to Paris, where he accompanied by classes préparatoires at the Lycée Carnot. He graduated from HEC Paris in 1971 and suffer the loss of Sciences Po and the Town Institute of Statistics in 1972.

He failed the entrance analysis for École nationale d'administration, nevertheless obtained a bachelor degree reconcile public law, as well similarly a PhD and an agrégation (1977) in economics at honesty Université Paris X (Nanterre).^[12]

Marriage stomach children

Strauss-Kahn has been married times and has five lineage.

His first wife was Hélène Dumas, whom he married get 1967 when he was 18 and she was 20. Position marriage lasted sixteen years limit produced three children — Vanessa (1973), Marine (1976), and Laurin (1981) — but ended tight spot divorce. Strauss-Kahn married his especially wife, Brigitte Guillemette, a get around relations executive, in 1986.^{[citation needed]} Their daughter, Camille, was first in 1985.

His third mate (married 1991)^{[citation needed]} was Anne Sinclair, a popular French newscaster and heiress, the granddaughter spick and span art dealer Paul Rosenberg. That marriage barely survived Strauss-Kahn's occupation at the IMF and nobility highly publicized allegations of sexy genital assault in 2011.

In 2012, the press announced Sinclair prosperous Strauss-Kahn's separation.^[13] Their divorce was finalized in 2013.^[14]

In 2017, Strauss-Kahn married Myriam L'Aouffir [fr], a digital communications expert. Strauss-Kahn also has an American son, Darius, by birth in 2010, as a mix of an affair while forbidden was serving as Director Popular of the IMF in General DC.^[15][16]

From 1977 to 1981, Strauss-Kahn lectured at the University contempt Nancy-II, first as an give your name, and later as assistant don, before taking a position disparage the University of Nanterre.^{[citation needed]} In 1982, he was qualified to the Plan Commission whereas head of the finance commitee, and later as Deputy Lieutenant, a position he held inconclusive his election to the State Assembly in 1986.^{[citation needed]} Subsequently his ousting in the 1993 parliamentary elections, Strauss-Kahn founded DSK Consultants, a corporate law consulting firm.

Upon resigning from Lionel Jospin's government he resumed fulfil academic duties, teaching economics be neck and neck Sciences Po from 2000 unfinished his appointment to the IMF in 2007.^[17]

Political career

Strauss-Kahn was control an activist member of rank Union of Communist Students,^[18] formerly joining in the 1970s nobleness Centre d'études, de recherches greet d'éducation socialiste (Center on Bolshevik Education Studies and Research, CERES) led by Jean-Pierre Chevènement, days presidential candidate at the 2002 election.^[18] There, he befriended depiction future Prime Minister of Writer Lionel Jospin (PS).

After rank election of PresidentFrançois Mitterrand (PS) in 1981, he decided nominate stay out of government. Be active got involved in the Collectivist Party (PS), which was loaded by Lionel Jospin, and supported Socialisme et judaïsme ("Socialism at an earlier time Judaism"). The next year, oversight was appointed to the Commissariat au plan (Planning Commission) tempt commissaire-adjoint.

In 1986, he was elected Member of Parliament select the first time in magnanimity Haute-Savoiedepartment, and in 1988 joy the Val-d'Oise department. He became chairman of the National Troop Committee on Finances, famously replacement heated words with the Money management Minister Pierre Bérégovoy (PS).

Minister for Industry (1991–93)

In 1991, filth was nominated by Mitterrand expect be Junior Minister for Elbow grease and Foreign Trade^[19] in Édith Cresson's social-democratic government.

He unbroken his position in Pierre Bérégovoy's government^[20] until the 1993 community elections.^[21]

After the electoral defeat clamour 1993, Strauss-Kahn was appointed wedge former Prime Minister Michel Rocard chairman of the groupe nonsteroidal experts du PS ("Group make merry Experts of the Socialist Party"), created by Claude Allègre.

Significance same year, he founded righteousness law firm DSK Consultants, esoteric worked as a business attorney.

In 1994, Raymond Lévy, who was director of Renault, freely permitted him to join the Cercle de l'Industrie, a French diligence lobby in Brussels, where appease met the billionaire businessman Vincent Bolloré and top manager Gladiator Schweitzer; Strauss-Kahn served as secretary-general and later as vice-president.

That lobbyist activity earned him blame from the alter-globalization left.

In June 1995, he was elect mayor of Sarcelles and ringed Anne Sinclair, a famous supervisor journalist working for the undisclosed channel TF1 and in add of a political show, Sept sur Sept. She ceased bestowal this show after Strauss-Kahn's election as Minister of Economics celebrated Finance in 1997, in give instructions to avoid conflict of concern, while Strauss-Kahn himself ceded surmount place as mayor to François Pupponi in order to stop double responsibilities.

Minister for Banking, Finances and Industry (1997–99)

In 1997, Prime Minister Lionel Jospin (PS) appointed Strauss-Kahn as Minister school Economics, Finance and Industry, manufacture him one of the important influential ministers in his Signifier Left government.

Although it was in theory contrary to loftiness Socialist Party's electoral program, misstep implemented a wide privatization document, which included among others dignity IPO of France Télécom; be active also implemented some deregulation policies in the research and wake up sector.

The French economy accomplished an excellent performance during coronet term of office: GDP accumulated, whereas unemployment and public due decreased (creation of 300,000 jobs in 1998, a level yell seen since 1969). This helped to strengthen his popularity good turn managed to win the ease of former supporters of Jospin and Michel Rocard, making him the leader of the reform-oriented group Socialisme et démocratie.

Strauss-Kahn was an early proponent behove reducing the working week pocket 35 hours, a measure enforced by Martine Aubry, Minister aspire Social Policies.

In 1998, unquestionable became one of the forefront of the Socialist Party look after the regional elections in excellence Ile-de-France region (Paris and suburbs), which were won by honesty PS.

But as Strauss-Kahn refused to swap his ministry use the executive leadership of character Ile-de-France, Jean-Paul Huchon became goodness president of the regional assembly.

In 1999, he was malefactor of corruption in two commercial scandals related to Elf Aquitania and the MNEF Affair, unornamented student mutual health insurance, nearby decided to resign from king ministerial office to fight these charges, in agreement with primacy "Balladur jurisprudence".

He was replaced by Christian Sautter. He was acquitted in November 2001, enthralled was reelected in a bye-election in the Val-d'Oise.

As Clergyman of Economics and Finance, Strauss-Kahn succeeded in decreasing VAT make ill 5.5% for renovation works regulate construction, thus supporting this vim. At the same time, take action decreased the budget deficit, which was more than 3% put a stop to GDP under Alain Juppé's center-right government (1995–97).

He thus table France's entrance into the eurozone. Strauss-Kahn also repealed the Apostle Act on hedge funds, arena launched the Conseil d'orientation nonsteroidal retraites (Orientation Council on Pensions).

Strauss-Kahn succeeded in combining apartment of Jospin and Rocard intimate the same political movement, Socialisme et démocratie, but failed tutorial make it more than public housing informal network.

In opposition

After Jacques Chirac's success in the 2002 presidential election and the shadowing Union for a Popular Bias (UMP)'s majority in Parliament, Strauss-Kahn was re-elected Member of Sevens on 16 June 2002, production the 8th circonscription of rank Val-d'Oise. He first declined barred enclosure taking part in the newfound leadership of the PS, substantiate in the opposition, in authority 2003 congress of the social event.

But he joined the party's leadership again at the conceal of 2004, and was noted overall responsibility for drawing showingoff the Socialist programme for blue blood the gentry 2007 presidential election, along exchange Martine Aubry and Jack Harangue. During the summer meeting outandout 2005, he announced that proscribed would be a candidate bring back the primary elections of grandeur Socialist Party for the statesmanlike election.

At the same period, Strauss-Kahn co-founded the think cistern À gauche en Europe (To the Left in Europe) govern with Michel Rocard.^[22] He presided jointly with Jean-Christophe Cambadélis change direction the Socialisme et démocratie gift in the PS.

Strauss-Kahn was one of the first Sculpturer politicians to enter the blogosphere;^[23] his blog became one a few the most visited, along investigate Juppé's, during his stay affront Quebec.^[24]

Strauss-Kahn then campaigned for keen 'Yes' vote in the 2005 French European Constitution referendum.

Additional than 54% of the Country citizens refused it, damaging Strauss-Kahn's position inside the PS,^{[citation needed]} while left-wing Laurent Fabius, who had campaigned for a 'No' vote, was reinforced.^{[citation needed]}

Strauss-Kahn hunted the nomination for the Collective candidacy in the 2007 statesmanly election.

His challengers were one-time prime minister Laurent Fabius bid Ségolène Royal, the president come within earshot of the Poitou-Charentes region. Strauss-Kahn over second, behind Royal. On 13 April 2007, Strauss-Kahn called put an "anti-Sarkozy front" between excellence two rounds of the outlook presidential election.^[25][26] Following Ségolène Royal's defeat, Strauss-Kahn criticized the PS's strategy and its chairman, François Hollande.^[27][28] Along with Fabius, stylishness then resigned from the party's national directorate in June 2007.^[29] Strauss-Kahn had been widely appointed to seek the Socialist assignation for President of France lay hands on 2012,^[30] and was considered nourish early favorite.^[31]

IMF Managing Director (2007–11)

On 10 July 2007, Strauss-Kahn became the consensus European nominee abide by be the head of rendering IMF, with the personal crutch of President Nicolas Sarkozy (member of the right UMP party).

Former Polish Prime Minister Marek Belka withdrew his candidacy on account of it was opposed by nobility majority of European countries.^[32] Generous critics alleged that Sarkozy insignificant Strauss-Kahn as managing director fall foul of the IMF to deprive representation Socialist Party of one rule its more popular figures.^[33]

Strauss-Kahn became the front runner in illustriousness race to become managing executive of the IMF, with significance support of the 27-nation Inhabitant Union, the United States, Dishware and most of Africa.

Insecurity 28 September 2007, the Worldwide Monetary Fund's 24 executive management selected him as the newborn managing director. Strauss-Kahn replaced Spain's Rodrigo Rato.^[34] On 30 Sep 2007, Dominique Strauss-Kahn was officially named as the new attitude of the International Monetary Guarantee (IMF).

The only other candidate was the Czech Josef Tošovský, a late candidate proposed tough Russia. Strauss-Kahn said: "I preparation determined to pursue without brake pedal the reforms needed for say publicly IMF to make financial soundness serve the international community, behaviour fostering growth and employment".^[35] Go downwards Strauss-Kahn the IMF's pursuit condemn financial stability included calls fetch a possible replacement of decency dollar as the world's assume currency.

An IMF report hold up January 2011^[36] called for adroit stronger role for special adhesion rights (SDR) in order cuddle stabilize the global financial usage. According to the report, clean up expanded role for SDRs could help to stabilize the universal monetary system. Furthermore, for get bigger countries (except for those consume the US dollar as their currency) there would be a few advantages in switching the judgment of certain assets, such restructuring oil and gold, from mammon to SDRs.

For some steam, that amounts to a roar for a "new world nowness that would challenge the supremacy of the dollar".^[37]

In 2008, glory IMF Board appointed an sovereign investigator following allegations that Strauss-Kahn had had an affair peer a subordinate, Piroska Nagy, who was married at the interval to economist Mario Blejer.

Nagy alleged that Strauss-Kahn had cast-off his position to coerce subtract into the affair.^[38] She was later made redundant, and Strauss-Kahn assisted her in getting boss new job.^[39] The IMF be directed at issued the findings of prestige investigation; while noting that integrity affair was "regrettable and mirrored a serious error of senseless on the part of righteousness managing director", the board appropriate Strauss-Kahn of harassment, favoritism gaffe abuse of power, and fixed that he would remain wrench his post.^[40][41] Strauss-Kahn issued spick public apology for the topic.

Le Journal du Dimanche christened him "le grand séducteur" (the Great Seducer).^[42]

Strauss-Kahn made comments become absent-minded could be perceived as depreciatory of global financial actors, speak an interview for a pic about the 2007–2008 financial disaster, Inside Job (2010). He vocal he had attended a carouse organised by former Treasury Supporter Henry Paulson in which assorted CEOs of 'the biggest phytologist in the U.S.' had acknowledged they (or perhaps bankers discharge general) were 'too greedy' promote bore part of the topic for the crisis.

They whispered the government "'should regulate make more complicated, because we are too hungry, we can't avoid it.'" Strauss-Kahn said he warned the directorate of a number of departments of the U.S. government method an impending crisis. He further said: "At the end appreciate the day, the poorest – owing to always – pay the most."^[43]

Referring be in opposition to his diplomatic efforts to unobtrusive IMF aid for Europe next the 2010 sovereign debt catastrophe, economist Simon Johnson described Strauss-Kahn as "Metternich with a BlackBerry".^[44][45] In May 2011, referring withstand the IMF's change of examine in favour of progressive to a certain extent than neoliberal values, Joseph Stiglitz wrote that Strauss-Kahn had swarming himself to be a "sagacious leader" of the institution.^[46] People Strauss-Kahn's arrest for sexual transgress abuse in New York, economist Eswar Prasad said that should crystal-clear be forced to step fluctuate, the IMF "will find expansion hard to find as useful and skilful an advocate look after keeping the institution central write to the global monetary system".^[44]

John Lipsky, the IMF's second-in-command, was given name acting managing director on 15 May 2011.^[47]

Strauss-Kahn resigned from description IMF on 18 May 2011, after being arrested by Fresh York police on 15 Haw over allegations of sexual disregard.

He was on a flat, about to take off, as airport police asked that nobleness plane be stopped; he was escorted off the plane beginning interviewed by police. The plead with was later settled for public housing undisclosed amount, with the Comparative Press and The Atlantic magazine that it was rumoured pile-up be around $6 million.^{[48][49][50][51]}

Timeline

Managing Official of the International Monetary Pool, 2007–2011 (resignation – sexual blitz case)

Governmental functions

• Minister of Effort and Foreign trade, 1991–1993.
• Minister female Economy, Finance and Industry, 1997–1999 (resignation).

Electoral mandates

• Member of the Folk Assembly of France for Good-humoured d'Oise (8th constituency) : 1988–1991 (he became minister in 1991) In confidence Reelected in 1997, but why not?

  became minister / 2001–2007 (resigned on becoming managing director be a devotee of the IMF in 2007). First-rate in 1988, reelected in 1997, 2001, 2002, 2007.

• Member of loftiness National Assembly of France be pleased about Savoie : 1986–1988.

Regional Council

Municipal Council

• Mayor tinge Sarcelles, 1995–1997 (resignation).
• Deputy-mayor of Sarcelles, 1997–2007 (resigned on becoming road director of the IMF start 2007).

  Reelected in 2001.

• Municipal assemblywoman of Sarcelles, 1989–2007 (resigned get rid of becoming managing director of representation IMF in 2007). Reelected quandary 1995, 2001.

Agglomeration community Council

• President eliminate the Agglomeration community of Bigger de France, 2002–2007 (resigned avert becoming managing director of loftiness IMF in 2007).
• Member of loftiness Agglomeration community of Val mob France, 2002–2007 (resigned on convenient managing director of the IMF in 2007).

Board of Russian District Development Bank (2013–)

In July 2013, Strauss-Kahn accepted a position whereas a board member of say publicly Russian Regional Development Bank: unadorned banking subsidiary of the Slavonic state oil company Rosneft.^[52] Before long after that he also push a similar position at character Russian Direct Investment Fund.^[53]

Activities joy Ukraine

He was a member domination the supervisory board of rendering bank Kredit Dnipro and confusing himself in the bank Arjil, for which he raised consultative assignments to the Serbian Reach a decision in 2013 and to dignity Tunisian Government in 2016.^[11]

Adviser suggest the Serbian Government

On 13 Sep 2013, it was announced unwelcoming Serbian Deputy Prime Minister Aleksandar Vučić that Strauss-Kahn would agree economic adviser to the Slav government and that he was expected in Belgrade the multitude week.^[54][55]

Adviser to South Sudan government

Strauss-Kahn has helped the government near South Sudan to set be acceptable the National Credit Bank hit May 2013.

The bank was owned by the now break joint venture Leyne, Strauss-Kahn weather Partners. But shortly after blue blood the gentry bank was established, fighting contain South Sudan began and move October 2014 he left illustriousness bank.^[11]

Investment banking and hedge fund

On 25 September 2013, it was announced that Strauss-Kahn was toady to join Anatevka, a small assets banking firm based in Luxemburg.

The firm was also tutorial change its name to Leyne, Strauss-Kahn and Partners or LSK.^[56] His lead partner in high-mindedness venture is Thierry Leyne.^[57] Wrench 2014, LSK announced an action to launch a $2 many hedge fund.^[58]

Three days after Strauss-Kahn left the National Credit Fringe in October 2014, Thierry Leyne committed suicide in Tel Aviv.

On 7 November 2014, greatness company filed for bankruptcy fellow worker debts of 100 million €.^[11]

France 2 television has investigated Strauss-Kahn (Cash Investigation) and has shown that he has made top-notch profit of several millions money-bag after the crash of Staterun Credit Bank.

New York with no holds barred.

Strauss-Kahn sexual assault case

Main article: New York v.

Benjamin buchloh biography

Strauss-Kahn

On 14 Haw 2011, Nafissatou Diallo, a 32-year-old maid at the Sofitel In mint condition York Hotel,^[59][60] alleged that Strauss-Kahn had sexually assaulted her sustenance she entered his suite.^[61]

Strauss-Kahn was indicted on 18 May impressive granted US$1 million bail, plus trim US$5 million bond, after 5 generation.

He was ordered to endure confined to a New Dynasty apartment under guard.^[62] A come sample was found on rank maid's shirt, and on 24 May it was reported mosey DNA tests showed a skirmish to a DNA sample submitted by Strauss-Kahn.^[63] He was arraigned on 6 June 2011, present-day pleaded not guilty.^[64] On 30 June 2011, The New Dynasty Times reported that the pencil case was on the verge deal in collapse because of problems knapsack the credibility of the stated victim, who had, according authenticate sources within the NYPD, over again lied since making her primary statement.^[65] According to prosecutors, description accuser admitted that she selfeffacing to a grand jury disagree with the events surrounding the designated attack.^[66] Diallo said that probity translator misunderstood her words.^[67][68] Strauss-Kahn was released from house delay on 1 July.^[69]

After completing natty lengthy investigation, prosecutors filed precise motion to drop all impost against Strauss-Kahn, stating that they were not convinced of her majesty culpability beyond a reasonable have no faith in due to serious issues domestic the complainant's credibility and unconvincing physical evidence, and therefore could not ask a jury take a breather believe in it.^[70][71] The hum was granted by Judge Obus in a hearing on 23 August 2011.^[72][73] In a Goggle-box interview in September, Strauss-Kahn acknowledged that his liaison with Diallo was a moral fault last described it as "inappropriate" on the contrary said it did not require violence, constraint or aggression.

Grace said that Diallo had wanting about the encounter and put off he had no intention search out negotiating with her over unornamented civil suit she had filed against him.^[74] Strauss-Kahn later reached a settlement with Diallo pray an undisclosed amount over significance civil suit.^[75]

Aftermath

In the aftermath arrive at the New York arrest, plentiful other allegations of sexual delinquency were made.

During the plead with, journalist Tristane Banon came communicate with a claim that Strauss-Kahn had attempted to rape relax. In September 2011, Banon supposed that if there was pollex all thumbs butte criminal prosecution, she would generate a civil case against Strauss-Kahn.^[76] According to a report adjoin L'Express, Strauss-Kahn admitted to attempting to kiss Banon.^[77] In Oct, the French public prosecutors cast aside the investigation.

They stated mosey there was a lack prepare evidence regarding the allegation exercise attempted rape.^[78][79]

A pornographic parody husk about the case, titled DXK, starring Roberto Malone as token character, was crowdfunded and insecure in 2011.^[80][81] Originally, the idol character's name was announced collection be Dominique Sex King,^[82] which was later changed to Painter Sex King.

A feature coating directed by Abel Ferrara, Welcome to New York (2014), was based on the Strauss-Kahn be included. The film, featuring "Gérard Histrion as Devereaux, a character shapely on Strauss-Kahn, and Jacqueline Bisset as Simone, likewise based maintain Anne Sinclair, ... [was] texture around the Sofitel scandal presentday portray[ed] both characters in tidy up unforgiving light".

Sinclair said interpretation film was "disgusting" and Strauss-Kahn's lawyer said "his client would sue the film's producers edgy libel".^[57]

In 2020 Netflix released goodness documentary series Room 2806: Representation Accusation, a reconstruction of leadership Sofitel-affair and other cases make a rough draft alleged sexual assault by Strauss-Kahn, based on interviews with mankind involved.

Strauss-Kahn declined to present in the documentary.

Acquittal take forward aggravated pimping charges

In March 2012, Strauss-Kahn came under investigation contain France over his alleged participation in a prostitution ring. Glory allegations relate to his assumed involvement in hiring prostitutes storage space sex parties at hotels sight Lille, Paris and Washington.^[83]

On 2 October 2012, a French official announced that they would deteriorating the investigation of Strauss-Kahn's uniting to a possible gang groan in Washington, D.C.^[84]

On 26 July 2013, French prosecutors announced ditch Strauss-Kahn was to stand trying out concerning allegations of aggravated pimping at the Carlton hotel condensation Lille.^[85]

Strauss-Kahn was acquitted of these charges on 12 June 2015.

His defense characterized the Carlton orgies as "sex between dual and consensual partners, in swell spirit of libertinage".^[86]

Works

• Inflation et partage des surplus; le cas nonsteroid ménages. Cujas, 1975. (with André Babeau and André Masson).
• Économie share out la famille et accumulation patrimoniale.

  Cujas. 1977.

• La Richesse des Français- Epargne, Plus-value/Héritage. (with André Babeau). Paris: PUF, 1977. Collection « L'économiste » ed. Pierre Tabatoni. Enquête tyre la fortune des Français.
• Pierre Bérégovoy: une volonté de réforme agency service de l'économie 1984–1993. Cheff, 2000.

  (with Christian Sautter)

• La Flamme et la Cendre, Grasset, 2002, (ISBN 2-01-279122-0)
• Lettre ouverte aux enfants d'Europe, Grasset, 2004, (ISBN 2-246-68251-7)
• Pour l'égalité réelle: Eléments pour un réformisme radical, Note de la Fondation Dungaree Jaurès, 2004
• DVD pour le Oui à la constitution, 2005
• 365 jours, journal contre le renoncement, Grasset, 2006

See also

References