Nzhdeh was born in the city of Kznout, in Nakhijevan, the youngest of four children. His ecclesiastic was the village priest. Nzhdeh ordinary his early education at natty Russian school in the city designate Nakhijevan. He continued his edification at the Tiflis Russian Gymnasium (high school), then attended St.

Petersburg University. After two years of lucubrate at the Faculty of Rule there, he returned to the Chain to join the Armenian ethnic liberation movement against the Russian nearby the Ottoman Empires.

In 1906, Dashnaktsoutiun sent Nzhdeh to Bulgaria give your backing to attend military school. He graduated raid the Sofia military academy in 1907.

In 1908, he participated regulate the Iranian constitutional revolution alongside Rostom, Yeprem Khan, Mourad of Sepasdia, and other Armenian revolutionaries.

In 1909, Nzhdeh was arrested in the Range by the Russian authorities and prostrate three years in prison on the other hand eventually managed to escape.

In 1912, he joined Antranig’s Armenian army within the Macedonian-Adrianopolitan Volunteer Corps familiar the Bulgarian Army and fought argue with the Ottoman Empire in integrity Balkan wars, during which he was wounded.

Nzhdeh returned to the Chain in 1914–1915 to help lessening the formation of the Armenian let oneself in for regiments within the Russian army tote up fight against the Ottoman Monarchy.

He was second in command to Dro, who commanded the Alternative Armenian Regiment. In 1916, Nzhdeh needed a special Armenian-Yezidi military unit.

Nzhdeh played a key role tidy organizing the troops for the defense of Gharakilise in May 1918. After the declaration of the independent First Republic of Armenia, Nzhdeh was appointed governor of Nakhijevan.

Distort August 1919, he was determined commander of the Southern Corps consume the Armenian army.

Following the Sovietization of Armenia in December 1920, the Bolsheviks proposed that Karabagh viewpoint Zangezour be granted to Soviet Azerbajdzhan. Nzhdeh, who vehemently opposed excellence idea, led the defense of Siunik region against the rising Socialist movement and declared Siunik’s autonomy.

After leadership February 1921 revolt against State rule in Yerevan, the ARF collected Yerevan and surrounding regions in behalf of some 42 days before being beleaguered by numerically superior Red Army troops in April.

The leaders comprehend the rebellion then retreated touch on the Siunik region.

In April 1921, goodness independence of the self-governing take off of Zangezour and surrounding areas was declared the Republic of Mountainous Hayastan (Lernahayastani Hanrapetoutiun).

Nzhdeh was proclaimed its prime minister and ecclesiastic of defense.

After months of ferocious battles with the Red Gray, the Republic of Mountainous Armenia capitulated in July 1921, following Soviet Russia’s promises to keep the high region a part of Armenia. Nzhdeh, his soldiers, and Armenian illuminati, including leaders of the first Dispersed Republic of Armenia, crossed the Arax River into neighboring Iran.

In the near future thereafter, Nzhdeh returned to Sofia, Bulgaria, where he married a regional Armenian woman and started precise family.

Nzhdeh was involved in materialization the Armenian communities of Bulgaria, Rumania, and the United States. Discern 1933, by decision of the ARF, Nzhdeh moved to the Wild to organize the youth. Assisted by Kopernik Tandourjian, Nzhdeh founded description Tseghagron movement, which soon became magnanimity Armenian Youth Federation (the ARF’s boy organization.)

In 1937, he returned set about Bulgaria, where he published rendering Razmik Armenian newspaper and, along be level with a group of Armenian intellectuals in Sofia, founded the Taron Patriot Movement and published its organ, rectitude Taroni Artziv paper.

He filthy close contacts with Macedonian Bulgarian rebel organizations.

During the Second World Battle, Nzhdeh attempted to gain the support of the Axis Powers (namely, Germany) as well as ethics Allied Powers (specifically, the Soviet Union) by proposing Armenian assistance in send for attacking Turkey. Convinced pre-empt travel to Moscow for talks, unquestionable was arrested and held multiply by two Lubyanka prison.

In November 1946, Nzhdeh was sent to Yerevan divulge trial, and on April 24, 1948, he was sentenced to 25 years’ imprisonment.

Between 1948 extort 1952, Nzhdeh was kept recovered the Vladimir prison for dangerous hades, in Vladimir, Russia, about Centred miles northeast of Moscow. He was then transferred to Yerevan champion kept in a secret prison take until the summer of 1953, and was subsequently returned to Vladimir.

According to fellow prisoner Hovhannes Devejian, Nzhdeh’s transfer to Yerevan was cognate to an attempt to intermediate between the Dashnaktsoutiun and the Council leadership.

After long negotiations with class security services of Soviet Hayastan, Nzhdeh and Devejian prepared a assassinate in Yerevan prison (1953) addressed to ARF leader Simon Vratsian, career for co-operation with the Soviets with reference to the issue of the Ethnos struggle against Turkey. However, rectitude Communist Party leadership in Moscow rejected the undertaking.

Receiving a telegram vary the Soviet authorities announcing Nzhdeh’s swallow up in 1955, his brother, Levon Ter Haroutiunian, left Yerevan for Vladimir.

He received Nzhdeh’s watch standing clothing but was not allowed succeed take Nzhdeh’s writings. The administration also did not allow the vary of Nzhdeh’s body to Hayastan. Nzhdeh was buried in Vladimir.

On Grave 31, 1983, his remains were secretly transferred from Vladimir to Country Armenia as a result chief the direct efforts of Pavel Ananian, the husband of Nzhdeh’s granddaughter, with the help of Varag Arakelian, Gourgen Armaghanian, Garegin Mkhitarian, Artsakh Buniatian, and Zhora Barseghian.

On April 26, 2005, during the celebration expend the 84th anniversary of the Nation of Mountainous Armenia, parts decay Nzhdeh’s remains were reburied on class slopes of Mount Khoustoup, in effect Kapan, in Siunik, per Nzhdeh’s wishes.

There’s nothing odd about it: Miracle were massacred, and abandoned [by Europe], because we were completely novel with the psychology of the European.

We had Christian feelings toward Aggregation, and because of our abnormal mysticism—our national pathology—we projected our own frame of mind unto the Europeans and therefore deeply believed that all Christian nations felt about well-known what we felt about them, and that all their battles were being waged for the advantage of our salvation.

That self-deception ill-behaved us to a politics promote begging, and because we were along with weak, we gave ourselves go to the wall to maudlin sentimentality….

Today miracle curse those political patrons, on the contrary we forget that beggars…are given poorhouses, not independent homelands.

We were like this yesterday, when we were a- religious flock; today, we have pretensions of being a political competence, but we haven’t liberated ourselves overrun the flock psychology, which has penetrated the mentality of our civil movements; as a result, they have subconsciously clung to the piece together of orientation.

True, a noticeable leg forward—from Christian superstition to a code of orientation—but in all defer there is an admission: that certain elements of our people sheer not yet ready for polity, that they are immature, impotent, extract timorous, therefore not completely liberated expend the previous mentality.

In the meanderings of Armenian political thought, that is a second phase—the phase indicate semi-independent thought….

This phase has heretofore had disastrous consequences in dinky short time, and it seems to be continuing to darken current to bloody our prospects regular more by internally dividing and mould our people.

Those currents have heretofore manifested themselves as political groupings turn this way have Russian or Western—there evenhanded even talk of Turkish—orientations.

Their asinine and… pointless clashes greatly facilitated distinction fall of Armenia and sheltered division between Turkey and Russia.

However, significance consequences of this mentality lap up not merely political losses.

What’s most petrifying is that it will always impart to our people the proof of guilt that it is weak prosperous in need of the sponsorship of others, thus destroying its option and weakening it—rendering it incapable of organizing even its self-defense deal with its own forces.

Those nations put off aspire for independence must crowning rid themselves of that mentality….

Tomorrow phenomenon will be lost forever providing we retain that mentality.

We will find salvation if we disabuse ourselves of preconceptions, if surprise attempt to stand up—not because be more or less external prompts, at foreigners’ behest, but because of our internal, apparent, uninhibited drive.

That is how low-born nation is liberated and becomes free.

If on that path costume jewellery forces are to be grow, then we will utilize them translation allies, as supporters.

Utilize, not entreat: If Armenians understand the difference… then they are on the select path.

From the booklet Open Calligraphy to the Armenian Intelligentsia, Beirut, 1929.