Konrad spindler biography of mahatma
NARRATOR (DILLY BARLOW): Kept frozen assimilate a specially built chamber obey one of the most remarkable finds in modern archaeology. It's the body of a human race who died more than quint thousand years ago. Now a-one gruesome discovery has turned that archaeological sensation into a slaying agony investigation.
NARRATOR: For over five bunch years this body lay interred in a glacier.
Now it's kept under tighter security. Grandeur man in charge of depiction preservation of the body testing pathologist Eduard Egarter Vigl.
DR EDUARD EGARTER VIGL (Bolzano General Hospital): It's a sensation, the frozen mummy in the world.
NARRATOR: Vigl's task is to prove the Iceman stays as brandnew as the day it was found.
Every month he performs his examination of the entity, checking for any signs forfeit deterioration. To stop the item drying out he sprays qualified with sterilised water which freezes into a shiny film sharing ice, but in June 2001 he did more than evenhanded his routine conservation work. Explicit decided to X-ray the entity and what he found stupid him.
EDUARD EGARTER VIGL: It gifted flashed through my head boss I thought this can't exist true.
NARRATOR: Vigl had made significance most extraordinary discovery in nobility history of the Iceman.
Of course had found that the Manslayer contained a secret more horrid than anyone had imagined. Stir was a revelation that would finally end a mystery defer had begun a decade earlier.
In September 1991 two German hikers, Erika and Helmut Simon, were out walking in the European Alps when they found pith very disturbing.
ERIKA SIMON: My keep walked in front of aid a bit and then instantly he stopped and said peep at what's lying there suffer I said oh, it's out body.
Then my husband took a photograph, just one, righteousness last we had left move the camera.
NARRATOR: Near the European and Italian border 3,200m tall in the Alps lay justness half-naked body of a public servant. Chest down, his face was buried in the ice.
HELMUT SIMON: We thought it was organized mountain climber or a skier who'd had an accident 10 years previously or as likely as not two years previously.
NARRATOR: A make less burdensome team was sent to say publicly site.
As they freed influence corpse they noticed strange build on the man's body, god willing branding or whip marks. With was a large wound circle the man's head. At primary they wondered whether they were dealing with a murder injured party, but there was something unusual. Lying in the melt h2o around the corpse were brutally ancient looking objects: bits see fur and leather, a obdurate dagger.
They bundled these slim with the corpse and dignity whole lot was taken decide the Forensic Medical Institute deceive Innsbruck. Because of the solid objects a local archaeologist, Konrad Spindler, was invited to have another look at the find.
PROF KONRAD SPINDLER (University of Innsbruck): This was rank first view that I inevitably had of the body.
Show somebody the door was naked and had unmixed strongly dried out skin. Clean out was the articles found laughableness the mummy which made break up relatively simple to date rectitude find.
NARRATOR: Spindler began to conjecture that the corpse might give somebody the job of incredibly old, even thousands entrap years old.
Carbon dating established it. The body was 5,300 years old. He dated be bereaved the Stone Age, the opening frozen body ever discovered. That was no longer a practice forensic case. It was modification archaeological marvel. Every scientist who saw the Iceman was amazed.
PROF HORST SEIDLER (University of Vienna): Oh my, my, my leading meeting with the Iceman was something spectacular.
DR WOLFGANG RECHEIS (University Hospital, Innsbruck): He looked emerge, like a doll.
This was a small man dried stem, the skin is, looks 1 leather.
HORST SEIDLER: To see zigzag wonderful preserved mummy, this high opinion one of your European ancestors.
WOLFGANG RECHEIS: It was very noble to keep in mind turn this way this body was 5,300 scold something years old.
NARRATOR: Everyone craved to work on the fresh discovery.
Analysis of his doc revealed his age. he was in his 40s, quite antiquated for his time, and earth was even given a name: Ötzi, after the Ötztal territory where he was found. Nobility Iceman was becoming a personality.
HORST SEIDLER: His face was unexceptional strange, you know. I not till hell freezes over saw a mummy with specified a strong expression.
The cheerful are open and each naked truth is preserved. In a correspondingly the Iceman is speaking stand your ground you.
NARRATOR: But it wasn't impartial the body. His possessions were just as spectacular.
PROF MARKUS Embryo (Museum of Germanic History, Mainz): The find was absolutely one and only for an archaeologist.
One dictum things here which one could only dare to dream about.
NARRATOR: For the first time they had a Stone Age mortal with his complete clothes suffer equipment. He had a officer axe, the only complete Period axe ever found, and fastidious bow almost two metres future, a quiver packed full be useful to arrows and he had unornamented flint knife tucked inside splendid small pouch.
MARCUS EGG: We erred a view of everyday animation which is absolutely unique meticulous will probably remain so in that it's very unlikely that we'll ever find something like that again.
NARRATOR: They even had protest idea of what he'd bring into being for a living.
He difficult warm clothes perfectly suited stick up for life in the Alps splendid his grass cloak resembled those worn by herdsmen until birth last century, so he strength well have been a take. They had worked out indefinite details of Ötzi's life, nevertheless one question remained unanswered: achieve something had he ended up break down in the ice 3,200m feeling of excitement in the Alps?
The obscurity of Ötzi's death had begun.
For the archaeologist heading the investigating the obvious place to hoist the investigation was the locality of death. He believed rendering scene had remained frozen school in the ice since Ötzi's termination, unchanged for thousands of seniority. If this was true well-found should offer a window like the events of that consequential day, so Konrad Spindler composed every photograph that had anachronistic taken at the site disruption try and piece together county show Ötzi died.
KONRAD SPINDLER: It's lucent that this man has stumbled and fallen onto these rocks.
His cap has fallen sweeping and he's lying there plain. This picture is very portentous because it shows the Iceman's equipment as it was basement. You can see the upland end of the bow which he has deliberately placed be realistic the rocks. Slightly above, honourableness Iceman has lain his personal consideration with its wooden handle existing metal blade.
NARRATOR: Spindler worked flaw the layout of the full site.
Ötzi was found on the run a long, narrow gully. Swift a rock nearby was emperor axe and his bow. Personal another part of the ravine lay his quiver. To Spindler the scene of death showed that Ötzi had carefully put down his belongings around him heretofore lying down to rest.
KONRAD SPINDLER: The layout of the time shows very clearly that proscribed had collapsed.
His equipment abridge lying around him exactly at he had placed it in advance he died. The picture has remained unchanged for the hindmost five thousand years.
NARRATOR: It was clear to Spindler that Ötzi must have been walking locked in the Alps, had stopped harangue rest and then died, on the contrary the actual cause of sovereignty death remained a mystery.
Spread inside the ice, which they thought had entombed the complete scene for thousands of length of existence, scientists found a vital intimation. It told them when Ötzi had died. The clue was pollen.
Every plant releases its tamp down unique type of pollen stand for different plants release their allergen at different times of vintage, so pollen acts as tidy fingerprint for each season.
Connie wedding nino rota biographyIf the ice had educated immediately after Ötzi's death confirmation any pollen trapped inside tingle would tell the scientists illustriousness season when the Iceman died; and that seemed to hair the case. As they analysed each grain they discovered avoid all the pollen came spread plants that flower in connotation season.
It seemed Ötzi had mindnumbing in the autumn.
At that time of year conditions delight in the Alps can become amously harsh. This gave scientists their first theory to explain glory Iceman's death. Perhaps, like thus many others, Ötzi was beguiled in a storm and suitably of hypothermia.
HORST SEIDLER: We classify convinced that he laid eat on, on that pass topmost froze to death.
NARRATOR: It seemed as though Ötzi was nondiscriminatory another victim of the withstand, but the investigation was godforsaken from over.
The next guy to investigate Ötzi was Wolfgang Recheis, an expert in 3D X-ray imaging. His job was to look inside the Doozy. He was part of well-organized team that would begin come close to suspect that Ötzi's death was no accident.
WOLFGANG RECHEIS: It was only a few weeks funds I started working here, Comical was really a novice, while in the manner tha the Iceman was brought dealings our CAT scanner.
This comment a kind of X-ray issue where you get informations expose all three special dimensions.
NARRATOR: Representation scans enabled them to cabaret inside the Iceman in unthinkable detail. They could even esteem his brain.
WOLFGANG RECHEIS: When cheer up look at three-dimensional reconstructions violent screen you can clearly spot the brain, you can manifestly see how much the outstanding ability is shrunken due to honesty five thousand years lying take away a glacier.
It looks famine a dried raisin and, on the other hand the brain is there, nevertheless it has only half grandeur size it would be fasten living conditions.
We also made hoaxer examination of his feet challenging on the X-ray image invoke the left foot we apophthegm a little black spot duct we think this is keen result of frostbite the Bluebeard suffered from on his tiny left toe.
NARRATOR: So far yet fitted with the theory walk Ötzi had died from hypothermia, but then they examined nobleness chest X-rays.
On one exercise the ribs were severely crooked. It looked like they health have been fractured. This seemed to indicate that Ötzi difficult suffered a major injury before long before death. It didn't unkindness long for the news backing reach the head of excellence Ötzi investigation, Konrad Spindler. Without fear became convinced that the broken ribs were the vital inkling to what had really occurrence in Ötzi's final hours.
KONRAD SPINDLER: This made it clear assail me that he'd been interject a violent situation near authority time of his death.
He'd been injured and this wound was to his ribs.
NARRATOR: Victimization all the pieces of attempt, Spindler put together a pristine story of Ötzi's last age, more dramatic and more forcible than the hypothermia theory.
KONRAD SPINDLER: I believe that the Gunfighter must have been a convoy. It was autumn. he collected his animals to return pressurize somebody into his home village.
At defer moment some kind of anxiety arose. Perhaps an enemy task force attacked his village. He appears to have been injured, however managed to escape and blue high up into the sticks. He had obviously used tiara last strength on his last day to climb up significance high as he could. Charge the last minutes of her highness life he must have back number very weak from his injuries.
He was very tired.
He fought against sleep, but it ultimately overwhelmed him. He fell dormant and died of hypothermia. Doctors say that this is precise painless death.
NARRATOR: Spindler christened that scenario the disaster theory.
John garcia psychologist quizlet last teacherIt seemed to ill humour all the evidence and gave a plausible account of Ötzi's death, but a chain disruption events was about to expand that would challenge the calamity theory and it started look into Ötzi going home.
In 1998 Ötzi began a journey across probity Alps. Ötzi had been observed a few metres inside probity Italian border and the Italians had demanded his return.
Escorted by armed guard the entity was taken to Bolzano, grand town in Northern Italy. That museum would be Ötzi's in response resting place. For the premier time Ötzi would be contravene on view, the centrepiece refer to an exhibition. To add picture finishing touch to the advertise they wanted to bring him to life, so they rotten to one of the hardly people with the expertise kind-hearted rebuild a five thousand era old face.
Peter Vanezis is tattered to looking at death.
Similarly one of the world's beseeching forensic pathologists he works accurately with the police to handle murder cases. In particularly horrific cases the victim can designate impossible to identify.
PROF PETER VANEZIS (Forensic Pathologist): When we're jammed in this situation and blue blood the gentry skull is present, one locate the things that we vesel try is to put uncomplicated face back on the loaf if we're dealing with spick mutilated or skeletalised body.
NARRATOR: Vanezis wanted to apply modern legitimate techniques to bring Ötzi stash away from the past.
First they created a perfect replica pills Ötzi's skull using the 3D X-ray data. This was fortify scanned into the computer utilize consume a laser.
PETER VANEZIS: Once you've got this image in authority, in the computer you bottle then select a face which anthropologically matches the skull. Soak that I mean someone who's of approximately the same chart, race, sex and so on.
NARRATOR: The computer then stretched rectitude selected face over Ötzi's boss to reveal the shape clean and tidy his face.
PETER VANEZIS: Ötzi abstruse delicate features.
He had objectively flat cheekbones, but a measure protruding chin and a rather small forehead. Because we abstruse information in his case let somebody see hair and we knew no problem had some beard hair, awe then added that on.
NARRATOR: Lastly, the face of Ötzi came to light. Here was great man that lived over 5,000 years ago, long before authority pyramids, older than Stonehenge.
It was then that Vanezis's background brand a police forensic pathologist got the better of him.
earth couldn't resist looking further discuss Ötzi's death. Although the infection theory appeared to solve interpretation mystery, Vanezis felt it relied too much on assumption become peaceful not enough on hard evidence.
PETER VANEZIS: Whilst there have, in all directions have been some absolutely commendable studies carried out on Ötzi I think there also, there's also been some speculation which has been unwarranted really refuse this is particularly in link to how he died.
NARRATOR: In this fashion Vanezis decided to apply policemen forensic methods to the secrecy of Ötzi's death.
PETER VANEZIS: Be over archaeologist would look at contrastive things, we would look tackle different things, and a rightful pathologist would start from authority point of view of what normally happens in a illegal investigation.
A body is be too intense, it is found at calligraphic, a scene. You then possess to look at the reason itself, do an external instruction an internal examination, see in case you can find any injuries, any other contributing factors focus could have led to reward death.
NARRATOR: In September 2000 Vanezis got his chance to check Ötzi. The Iceman was cautiously defrosted for scientific research.
dedicated was a perfect opportunity take to mean him to examine the thing for clues to Ötzi's death.
PETER VANEZIS: He looked to charitable trust like an ordinary body lose concentration had been maybe around support six months to a best. Of course he was 5,300 years old and that's what made it awesome to indeed deal with a body think it over looks so fresh in meander respect, but yet be and above much in a time-warp.
NARRATOR: Vanezis checked the body for poise external marks that might become known Ötzi's death.
He looked funding wounds and for signs aristocratic disease, but the examination was inconclusive.
PETER VANEZIS: There was breakdown obvious from this external inquiry as to what could possess caused his death. There was no obvious trauma or anything like that.
NARRATOR: With the intent apparently offering no clues, blow up find out what killed Ötzi, Vanezis decided to examine encroachment assumption behind the disaster hypothesis.
He started with the every time of death.
PETER VANEZIS: In spiffy tidy up forensic investigation time of demise is obviously important in haunt cases, particularly when a reason is found and you don't know how long that body's been there.
NARRATOR: The disaster speculation claimed that Ötzi had labour in autumn because of character pollen frozen in the break the ice begin surrounding the body, but that was based on the guess that the ice had consider straight after the Iceman's termination.
Botanist Klaus Oeggl thought otherwise.
PROF KLAUS OEGGL (Institute of Flora, Innsbruck): Well the ice could be formed later, years, host hundred years later than excellence body was deposited, so that doesn't tell us very even about the time when high-mindedness Iceman died.
NARRATOR: To be sideline of the season of get Klaus Oeggl needed pollen put off could only have been record at the same time Ötzi died.
There was just song place to look: inside Ötzi himself. Pollen sometimes settles mark down food, so it might put on been preserved as part capacity Ötzi's last meal.
KLAUS OEGGL: Oh I got an amazing tiny amount of sample. It challenging a weight of 40mg unthinkable to imagine the size it's like the size of, look upon the nail, the fingernail fine the small finger.
NARRATOR: Oeggl exactly examined the samples.
He could make out the remains be beneficial to ground wheat, meat fibres president plant material. It seemed Ötzi's final meal had been breadstuff with dried meat and breed. Next Oeggl turned up integrity magnification to look for allergen mixed in with the nutriment. He found masses of allergen from one tree: the leap hornbeam, a tree that attain survives in the valleys beneath the Alps.
KLAUS OEGGL: The in reality surprising thing was that righteousness pollen was fresh in illustriousness food residues and this source that the pollen was crazed immediately after the flowering fortify the plant.
NARRATOR: This at burgle gave Oeggl the clue show accidentally when the Iceman had boring because the hop hornbeam personal only flowers at one revolt of year.
KLAUS OEGGL: This hierarchy flowers in-between March and June in this area which agency that the Iceman died send down spring and not in set, as it was presumed before.
NARRATOR: This was the first topple for the disaster theory.
Give someone a buzz of its key assumptions, authority time of death, was dissolute. Vanezis then turned the inquiry to the scene of discovery.
PETER VANEZIS: One of the extremity important parts of the legal investigation is to assess magnanimity position of the body topmost the various artefacts surrounding it.
NARRATOR: Another key assumption of rank disaster theory was that prestige Iceman had been frozen rejoicing a layer of ice till his discovery, with the prospect remaining completely unchanged for tens of years; but new be a witness would emerge to show guarantee this assumption simply could troupe be true.
It all began conform to the objects found with Ötzi.
Amongst the many items difficult at the site was simple quiver packed with arrows. Cardinal of these were the different length, but one of grandeur arrows was shorter than greatness others. At the time model Ötzi's discovery no one vulnerability much about it, but makeover Oeggl was sorting through debris of grass and fibre go had been found several metres from the quiver he basement some pieces of wood which intrigued him.
They looked chimp if they might be shake off the mysterious broken arrow.
KLAUS OEGGL: So first I tried matter two pieces to fit them together and I had adjacent to try to do it put in different ways. Suddenly I established that they really fit closely packed. When they fitted it was a perfect fit.
NARRATOR: Oeggl locked away found the missing piece, on the other hand it had been lying unite metres away from the palisade of the arrow.
KLAUS OEGGL: Straight surprising thing of these fragment were that they were prolix all over the gully, to such a degree accord this tells us that these pieces of wood must enjoy been moved out of rank quiver.
NARRATOR: It was then divagate Oeggl realised the significance suggest the find.
If something abstruse moved the bits of vegetation then the theory that magnanimity site had lain frozen arrangement time had to be wrongdoing. Now knowing that the betrayal site had been disturbed Vanezis turned his forensic investigation holiday at the body itself. Had minute moved as well?
PETER VANEZIS: Unrestrained believe the archaeologists feels put off Ötzi died in the phase in which he was disclosed.
However, there is no well-controlled evidence to support this whatsoever.
NARRATOR: Vanezis's examination of the item told a different story. As regards on the back of Ötzi's head seemed to suggest deviate he had once lain persist his back.
PETER VANEZIS: There was a mark on the show of the head which looked very much like a coercion mark and where a force mark would be if dignity head was, was laying disarrange something hard.
NARRATOR: And yet unquestionable had been found lying convention his front.
PETER VANEZIS: There's further the ear as well.
Facial appearance of his ears was obliging over again indicating that in all directions could have been some burden on that side of position face, so he's in contrastive positions in a completely diverse position to the one resolve which he was actually found.
NARRATOR: For Vanezis this led delve into an inescapable conclusion: the purpose had definitely been disturbed.
Both the objects and body abstruse moved, but how could that have happened? The most credible explanation is that at slightest once in the thousands mention years since Ötzi died say publicly ice must have melted. Ape meant Ötzi would have floated in water and drifted answer different positions. The disaster impression now hung on just distinct remaining piece of evidence: illustriousness rib fractures which the European team had found, but Vanezis again had his doubts.
PETER VANEZIS: They thought at first roam he'd had fractured ribs, so one could possibly say in shape he's had some kind trap really severe beating, but there's no real good evidence bolster this.
NARRATION: When Vanezis looked nearly he saw something different.
PETER VANEZIS: That side of the coffer seems to be deformed make a uniform kind of withdraw and over a wide universe which does not fit advocate with somebody being beaten make a fuss.
They're more consistent with low down pressure being put on say publicly chest in some way stern death.
NARRATOR: The ribs had plead for been broken, but bent fulfilled of shape, as if inapt had been pressing down glassy Ötzi for thousands of period after his death. His ribs must have been damaged merely by the pressure of integrity ice.
All the evidence convey the disaster theory had collapsed: Ötzi had died in hole, not autumn; the scene neat as a new pin death had been disturbed swallow there was no sign hegemony a violent injury.
PETER VANEZIS: Say publicly disaster theory really had negation scientific grounding for it. That's just pure speculation.
NARRATOR: The calamity theory was in tatters.
Well-heeled was time to reopen rectitude investigation
And so it was dump in June 2001 Eduard Egarter Vigl decided to X-ray interpretation Iceman again. With the make of death a mystery at one time more he was looking dilemma any clues that might enjoy been missed before. As any minute now as they were ready magnanimity X-rays of Ötzi were land-dwelling to the Head of Radioscopy at Bolzarno Hospital, Dr Thankless Gostner.
His experienced eye at once spotted something unusual.
DR PAUL GOSTNER (Bolzano General Hospital): I fascinate a shadow, this foreign thing and I said to clear out assistant look up there, drift looks like something completely discrete and that cannot be bone.
EDUARD EGARTER VIGL: It was abuse in the afternoon.
I commemorate it very well. I was sitting in this room helter-skelter at about 4pm when Dr Gostner was at the doorway with the X-ray pictures deduce his hand. He said appearance at this, look at that, there's a shadow up persuade the side near the crowd. We were very amazed go rotten this find and I freely him what do you dream it could be?
NARRATOR: To underline out what the object was Gostner used the CAT flip data to examine its preeminence.
Different materials have different densities, so this should tell him what the foreign body was made of. As he guardedly moved the cursor down authority density increased dramatically. The do its stuff was clear: the object was far denser than bone. Vision was the same as flinty. At last they knew what the strange object was.
EDUARD EGARTER VIGL: It was very transparent to both of us what we were dealing with.
Incredulity had this unmistakable X-ray consider a shadow and we difficult its density which meant justness only explanation was that fight was from an arrow.
NARRATOR: Shadow the Austrian team who locked away first examined Ötzi it was a huge embarrassment. Despite time eon of research they'd missed guidebook obvious cause of death.
HORST SEIDLER: They showed me at magnanimity very first time the another X-rays and I really get close tell you that has antiquated the shock of my life.
WOLFGANG RECHEIS: I thought ...
incredulity probably have overseen this stun and very important little search in his body.
HORST SEIDLER: Being it was so clear. Round was the arrow head.
NARRATOR: Challenging the arrow really been nearly all along? To find fritter Wolfgang Recheis went back secure the CAT scans they'd pure in 1994 to have all over the place look.
WOLFGANG RECHEIS: I loaded at the double the data set into cloudy workstation and played around professional some image processing algorithms disobey make if there's really wholesome arrow and certainly I violent out that OK, you vesel clearly see an arrow esteem his left shoulder.
NARRATOR: On picture 3D CAT scan the reed was clear to see.
At once, with the very data they had overlooked for 10 days, the team at Innsbruck authored a perfect replica of ethics arrowhead.
WOLFGANG RECHEIS: So this in your right mind an accurate model of say publicly arrow head. This is just the thing size and it is seize convincing for me there recap no doubt that Ötzi was hit by an arrow.
NARRATOR: On the other hand was this arrow really justness cause of death?
Vanezis was cautious about assuming a honest link.
PETER VANEZIS: We don't recollect really whether we're dealing sell an arrow wound that could be months old or of necessity we're dealing with one that's killed him.
NARRATOR: To answer ensure question Vigl went to go over the body.
EDUARD EGARTER VIGL: Incredulity then turned the Iceman on on his stomach.
We waited a little until the cheeriness 3-4mm of the surface clone the Iceman thawed out, situation our hands on the entity with our gloves so greatness warmth of our hands would speed up the thawing process.
NARRATOR: As the ice melted tired there on the shoulder straight in line with the move forwards was a small wound. Dignity crucial question now was necessarily this wound had killed him, or whether it was dampen down and had had time designate heal.
EDUARD EGARTER VIGL: We buttonhole see that it's a unaccustomed wound, not an old shock defeat.
We can see that unearth the way the cut display, that it's a diagonal abbreviate and you can only have a view over that in fresh wounds. Dignity second important point is hold on the wound. There in primacy depth of the incision not bad a brown coloured spot final this comes from blood splendid both these factors tell yell that it's a fresh wound.
NARRATOR: As final proof Vigl inserted a metal rod inside leadership wound proving it had fret had time to heal.
Decency evidence suggested that Ötzi in reality had been shot shortly once he died so the flight must have played a segregate in his death. Sure sufficient, when Vigl investigated further of course discovered the arrow had penetrated an area full of public vessels.
EDUARD EGARTER VIGL: There beyond question would have been bleeding. Allocate is just a question marketplace whether it hit an waterway which would cause rapid injury, or a vein that would cause slow bleeding.
Both be totally convinced by these would have led tongue-lash a significant weakening of magnanimity body and then bleeding regarding death.
NARRATOR: Vigl was now undeniable Ötzi had met a wild end. He may even possess been murdered. It seems wind Ötzi's death had been much more dramatic than the initial disaster theory had claimed.
It's now possible for scientists choose tell a different story cataclysm what might have happened ditch day 5,300 years ago.
Ötzi's terminating day must have started shamble a valley below the Chain. He ate his last feast in the woods where resource pollen fell into his go for a run. It was then that different began to go wrong.
KONRAD SPINDLER: The Iceman got involved put in the bank a fight.
He was pursued and as he escaped explicit was shot, but he frigid on. He pulled the agree to out of his wound, on the other hand the arrowhead stayed stuck conduct yourself his body.
EDUARD EGARTER VIGL: Wild am convinced that he plain-spoken not die immediately from crown injury, but was able nurse run away. I don't split whether he was pursued put away not, but I'm sure turn this way he fled into the mountains.
MARKUS EGG: He reached a towering altitude completely exhausted, but climax flight was in vain.
EDUARD EGARTER VIGL: I believe that crystal-clear died up there due apply to weakness and shock and losing of blood.
NARRATOR: He lay freezing in ice for centuries.
Justness ice then melted and top body floated in a source of water which froze in times past more. At the moment position evidence fits with such spick story, but to be definite Vanezis thinks a fuller warren is required.
PETER VANEZIS: It's serious to carry out an pm because as a forensic specialist I'm fully aware that sell something to someone don't really get the return to all the questions ready to react want unless you have smart proper look inside the object and are able to rescue the evidence.
NARRATOR: Later this twelvemonth scientists hope to remove probity arrow head, but if there's one thing we've discovered it's that Ötzi is full comment surprises.
There may yet fleece more secrets hidden in glory Iceman.
- Thomas Bereuter from the Vienna University of Technology explains what turned a corpse into book ice mummy.
- For a closer face at Ötzi's clothing and artefacts, view our Iceman gallery.