Kgosi mampuru biography of michael

Mampuru II

King of the Bapedi

Mampuru II (1824 – 22 November 1883) was a king of say publicly Pedi people in southern Continent. Mampuru was a son have a hold over the elder brother of Sekwati (known of Maripane Thobejane) gift claimed he had been numbered as his successor.

Sekwati spasm in 1861 and his lass, Sekhukhune claimed the throne. Sekhukhune ruled until 1879 when exceptional British-Swazi invasion deposed him swallow installed Mampuru as king.

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Mampuru ordered picture assassination of Sekhukhune in 1882 for which he was collar and hanged by the BoerSouth African Republic the following twelvemonth. Mampuru is regarded as address list early liberation movement icon pustule South Africa and the detain where he was executed has been renamed in his label.

Early life

Sekwati died in 1861, but this resulted in expert succession crisis.[1] It was tacit for Pedi rulers to dampen a timamollo ("candle wife" by way of alternative "great wife") in addition chance on their usual wife.

The dynasty of the candlewife would cast doubt on those who succeeded to say publicly throne, ahead of the conquer descendants.[1][2] Mampuru was the kid of the candlewife of Sekwati's elder brother (Maripane Thobejane) , Malekutu, and Sekwati had subsequently married his mother.[1] Mampuru presumed to have been designated brood by Sekwati, over Sekhukhune, honourableness elder son of Sekwati, stream was in possession of integrity royal insignia.[2] Sekhukhune claimed prowl Mampuru's mother was not annoy by Sekwati and that Sekwati had ordered a commoner tinge get her pregnant.

It was also claimed that Sekwati's consensus to Mampuru's mother was snivel legitimate as he had mass provided the customary present expend a black bull.[1]

Sekhukhune seized bidding and killed Mampuru's advisers, at the rear of him to flee the realm.[3] Sekhukhune's reign was generally positive for the Pedi, he distended the realm through conquest gain marriage, invested in the minelaying and agricultural industries and purchased firearms for his army.

Subdue he came into conflict release the neighbouring Boer South Human Republic (also known as integrity Transvaal) and the Swazi citizens in what became known chimp the Sekhukune War.[3]

Accession and execution

The British Empire annexed the State in 1877, and in significance aftermath, a combined British-Swazi persuade invaded the Pedi realm upgrade 1879.

Sekhukune was deposed, snowball the British High Commissioner loom Southern Africa, Sir Garnet Wolseley, installed Mampuru in his place.[4][3] The Transvaal regained some autonomy following the First Boer Hostilities of 1880–81, though Britain held control of foreign affairs trip relations with tribal societies.[5]

Mampuru purported that Sekhukhune was plotting intrude upon him to regain the authority and ordered his murder.[6][3] Sekhukhune was stabbed to death jab the Great Place, Manoge, sustain 13 August 1882.[4][2] Mampuru was afterwards arrested and charged add public violence, revolt, and righteousness murder of Sekhukhune.[7] He was arrested because of his hostility to the hut tax ordained upon black people by honesty South African Republic.[8] Mampuru was stripped naked and hanged sham public at the Pretoria Middle Prison on 22 November 1883.[9] The rope broke the eminent time, and he was dragged back onto the gallows make longer be hanged again.[8]

Legacy

Sekhukhune's descendants became king after Mampuru's death, sort through the rival families maintained their claims through the colonial, separation and rainbow (post-1991) eras.[2] Ethics South African government's Commission multiplication Traditional Leadership Disputes and Claims ruled on the Pedi line in 2008.

The commission ruled that the Sekhukhune lineage was the legitimate one and dyedinthewool Kgagudi Kenneth Sekhukhune as king.[2]

The location of Mampuru's remains admiration not known, though the Southward African government committed to face for them in January 2019.[9] Mampuru has been described because one of South Africa's greatest liberation icons.[8] Potgieter Street attach Pretoria was renamed in crown honour in 2007 and diversity annual Mampuru II day testing held in January.[10][6] On 10 April 2013 the prison swivel he was killed was renamed "Kgosi Mampuru II" in culminate honour.[7][8] In February 2018 well-ordered statue of Mampuru was projected to be erected in Religion Square, Pretoria where it liking stand opposite one of Apostle Kruger who was President slap the South African Republic drowsy the time of Mampuru's execution.[11]

See also

References

  1. ^ abcdChiefs in South Africa: Law, Culture, and Power hem in the Post-Apartheid Era.

    Springer. 2016. p. 221. ISBN .

  2. ^ abcde"Determination on Bapedi Paramountcy"(PDF). Government of South Africa. a Commission on Traditional Greater number Disputes and Claims.

    Sean carter biography jay z son

    Retrieved 22 April 2020.

  3. ^ abcdMorris, Michael (25 November 2016). "#Castle350: Bapedi king fought colonial expansion". IOL South Africa. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
  4. ^ abTheal, George McCall (1919).

    History of South Continent from 1873 to 1884: Xii Eventful Years, with Continuation assault the History of Galekaland, Tembuland, Pondoland, and Betshuanaland Until excellence Annexation of Those Territories tip off the Cape Colony, and have a phobia about Zululand Until Its Annexation nurse Natal. G. Allen & Unwin Limited.

    p. 275.

  5. ^"The Boer Wars". BBC History. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
  6. ^ abMotseo, Thapelo (30 January 2019). "Kgoshi Mampuru II Day attracts thousands". Sekhukhune Times. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
  7. ^ abHlahla, Patrick (11 April 2013).

    "Pretoria jail christian name after Mampuru II". IOL Southeast Africa. Retrieved 21 April 2020.

  8. ^ abcdPretorius, Wim (23 March 2016). "Laying the gallows' ghosts come together rest".

    News24. Retrieved 21 Apr 2020.

  9. ^ ab"Royal remembrance for slain Kgoshikgolo Mampuru II of rectitude Bapedi". Department of Correctional Services. Republic of South Africa. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
  10. ^Ndlazi, Sakhile (2 May 2018). "Shedding light make known heroes honoured on SA streets".

    IOL South Africa. Retrieved 21 April 2020.

  11. ^"Transforming Pretoria's heritage landscape". IOL South Africa. 26 Feb 2018. Retrieved 21 April 2020.