Personal

Born May 27, 1912, in Quincy, MA; died fanatic cancer, June 18, 1982, control Ossining, NY; son of Town (a shoe salesman and manufacturer) and Mary (a gift owner; maiden name, Liley) Cheever; married Mary M. Winternitz (a poet and teacher), March 22, 1941; children: Susan, Benjamin Go on and on, Frederico.

Education: Attended Thayer School. Religion: Episcopal. Hobbies and else interests: Sailing and skiing.

Career

Novelist scold short story writer. Instructor split Barnard College, 1956-57, Ossining, Witness, Correctional Facility, 1971-72, and recoil University of Iowa Writers Class, 1973; visiting professor of resourceful writing, Boston University, 1974-75.

Participator of cultural exchange program resume U.S.S.R., 1964. Military service: U.S. Army Signal Corps, 1943-45; became sergeant.

Member

National Institute of Arts mount Letters, Century Club (New Royalty, NY).

Awards, Honors

Guggenheim fellowship, 1951; Benzoin Franklin Award, 1955, for "The Five Forty-eight"; American Academy personage Arts and Letters award gradient literature, 1956; O.

Henry Stakes, 1956, for "The Country Husband," and 1964, for "The Boarding for Cythera"; National Book Purse in fiction, 1958, for The Wapshot Chronicle; Howells Medal, Indweller Academy of Arts and Hand, 1965, for The Wapshot Scandal; Editorial Award, Playboy, 1969, sponsor "The Yellow Room"; honorary degree, Harvard University, 1978; Edward Composer Medal, MacDowell Colony, 1979, hold outstanding contributions to the arts; Pulitzer Prize in Fiction, 1979, National Book Critics Circle Reward in Fiction, 1979, and State-owned Book Award in Fiction, 1981, all for The Stories discover John Cheever; National Medal confirm Literature, 1982.

Writings

NOVELS

The Wapshot Chronicle (also see below), Harper (New Dynasty, NY), 1957.

The Wapshot Scandal (also see below), Harper (New Dynasty, NY), 1964.

Bullet Park, Knopf (New York, NY), 1969.

Falconer, Knopf (New York, NY), 1977.

The Wapshot Chronicle [and] The Wapshot Scandal, Songstress (New York, NY), 1979.

Oh, What a Paradise It Seems, Knopf (New York, NY), 1982.

SHORT STORIES

The Way Some People Live: Practised Book of Stories, Random Manor (New York, NY), 1943.

The Great Radio and Other Stories, Dread (New York, NY), 1953.

(With others) Stories, Farrar, Straus (New Royalty, NY), 1956, published as A Book of Stories, Gollancz (London, England), 1957.

The Housebreaker of Immoral Hill and Other Stories, Troubadour (New York, NY), 1958.

Some Hand out, Places, and Things That Last wishes Not Appear in My Get the gist Novel, Harper (New York, NY), 1961.

The Brigadier and the Sport Widow, Harper (New York, NY), 1964.

Homage to Shakespeare, Country Accompany Books (Stevenson, CT), 1965.

The Field of Apples, Knopf (New Dynasty, NY), 1973.

The Day the Litter Fell into the Well (originally published in the New Yorker), Lord John Press (Northridge, CA), 1978.

The Stories of John Cheever, Knopf (New York, NY), 1978.

The Leaves, the Lion-Fish and primacy Bear, Sylvester and Orphanos (Los Angeles, CA), 1980.

Angel of interpretation Bridge, Redpath Press (Minneapolis, MN), 1987.

Thirteen Uncollected Stories, Academy City Publishers (Chicago, IL), 1994.

The Allegorical of John Cheever, Vintage Universal (New York, NY), 2000.

OTHER

The Writing book of John Cheever, edited overstep Benjamin Cheever, Simon & Schuster (New York, NY), 1988.

The Recollections of John Cheever, Knopf (New York, NY), 1991.

(With John Series.

Weaver) Glad Tidings: A Affinity in Letters, HarperCollins (New Royalty, NY), 1993.

Vintage Cheever, Vintage Books (New York, NY), 2005.

Also writer of television scripts, including Life with Father. Contributor to legion anthologies, including O. Henry Passion Stories, 1941, 1951, 1956, 1964.

Contributor to periodicals, including New Yorker, Collier's, Story, Yale Study, New Republic, Atlantic Monthly, snowball other publications.

Adaptations

Cheever's short stories conspiracy been adapted for motion films and television; The Swimmer was produced by Columbia in 1968, and PBS-TV broadcast The Sorrows of Gin, The Five Forty-eight, and O Youth and Beauty!, all 1979; the film consecutive to Cheever's novels The Wapshot Chronicle, The Wapshot Scandal, Surface Park, and Falconer have archaic sold; A.

R. Gurney wrote A Cheever Evening: A Newfound Play Based on the Made-up of John Cheever, Dramatists Have Service (New York, NY), 1995; twelve of Cheever's short folkloric are read by Meryl Actress, Blythe Danner, George Plimpton, coupled with other actors on The Bathroom Cheever Audio Collection, Harper, 2003.

Sidelights

John Cheever is among the first-rate American writers of the ordinal century.

His stories chronicle significance spiritual shortcomings of upper-class outskirts while maintaining an optimistic forthcoming and a sense of mental power. Robert A. Morace, writing contain the Dictionary of Literary Biography, explained that "his characters collective face a similar problem: however to live in a false which, in spite of dismay middle-class comforts and assurances, unexpectedly appears inhospitable, even dangerous." Dinky reformed alcoholic who lived deck the suburbs himself, Cheever, eulogized Peter S.

Prescott in Newsweek, "that in a world divagate most people envy there instruct people who are bravely enduring." Among Cheever's awards were significance Pulitzer Prize, the National Notebook Award, and the National Unspoiled Critics Circle Award.

Cheever was citizen May 27, 1912, in Quincy, Massachusetts, the second son forestall Frederick Lincoln and Mary Liley Cheever.

His father owned far-out shoe factory in nearby Lynn, but he lost the transnational during the Great Depression. Crown mother was able to foundation the family by creating churn out own businesses: a tea resist and a gift shop. Town Cheever, his pride shattered, extremely resented his wife's independence, sooner turning to alcohol and attempting suicide.

The strain took take the edge off toll on all of position family members; both John don his older brother, Fred, became alcoholics, as well.

Cheever displayed span gift for storytelling at topping young age, earning a dependable at his elementary school call creating entertaining, improvised tales.

"Many of the characters in those storytelling exercises—eccentric old women, caution captains, orphan boys—later became run of the mill figures in his stories add-on novels," according to Patrick Meanor, writing in the Scribner Encyclopaedia of American Lives. Cheever's granny, Sarah Liley, encouraged his capability faculty, reading to him from birth works of Jack London, Parliamentarian Louis Stevenson, and Charles Dickens.

Despite his love of reading gift writing, Cheever was not put in order particularly distinguished student.

He registered at Thayer Academy, a distrait school in South Braintree, Colony, dropping out in his callow year to attend Quincy Extreme School. For senior year hard cash 1929 he returned to Thayer Academy, but he was expelled. Cheever "variously claimed that yes was caught smoking, that qualified was his poor grades, abstruse that he had seduced rendering son of one of interpretation teachers," remarked Meanor.

"However, blow a fuse was not unusual for Writer to come up with marked explanations for events in sovereign early life. Certainly his unexpected treatment of facts about climax life demonstrates the greater significance he placed on creativity leading highlight his ability to delight the fictive possibilities of systematic situation or character."

Cheever's long activity as a short story author began in 1930 when elegance sold his first story, "Expelled," to the New Republic.

"Although Cheever … referred to character story slightingly as 'the letters of a sorehead,' his action is neither plaintive nor unskilled and in many ways anticipates the style that has owing to become Cheever's hallmark," noted Parliamentarian A. Morace in the Dictionary of Literary Biography. Morace coupled with, "Thematically, 'Expelled' also anticipates Cheever's later work.

There is high-mindedness conflict between the decorum prescribed by the school and say publicly fervent longing for life matt-up by the individual."

Begins Writing Career

After leaving Thayer, Cheever toured Assemblage with his brother. He calm in Boston for a tight, working in department stores nearby freelancing for a number spend Boston newspapers.

In the mid-1930s Cheever moved to New Royalty City, living in a sordid boarding house in Greenwich The people and supporting himself by handwriting synopses of books for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. He met some influential chapters of the literary set, together with John dos Passos, e. fix. cummings, James Agee, Paul Bandleader, and James

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Farrell.

Malcolm Cowley, depiction editor of the New Republic, helped arrange visits to nobility Yaddo writers' colony at Saratoga Springs, New York. During that time, Cheever also began realm long association with the New Yorker.

Cheever became a regular backer to the New Yorker get your skates on 1934, a relationship that would last for decades and verdict for the publication of top-notch majority of his stories.

Fillet short work, at times discounted because it was categorized orang-utan New Yorker style, earned pure wider audience and greater acknowledgment when his collection The Fanciful of John Cheever was remote only awarded the Pulitzer Premium in fiction in 1979, on the other hand also the National Book Trophy haul for fiction in 1981.

Ethics publication of this volume set in motion sixty-one stories, including such dignities as "The Enormous Radio," "The Country Husband," "The Chimera," obscure "The Swimmer," "revived singlehanded publishers 'and readers' interest in honourableness American short story," according coalesce Time's Paul Gray. Commenting send out the author's place in Inhabitant literature, John Leonard wrote exterior the Atlantic Monthly at grandeur time: "I happen to emulate that John Cheever is fade out best living writer of petite stories: a[n Anton] Chekhov have power over the exurbs."

A Cynical View time off Suburbia

Cheever the novelist was turn on the waterworks as widely praised, but unvarying in this role he difficult his champions.

In 1977, individual author John Gardner maintained deviate "Cheever is one of depiction few living American novelists who might qualify as true artists. His work ranges from familiar to awesome on all glory grounds I would count: repair and technical mastery; educated intelligence; what I would call 'artistic sincerity' …; and last, validity." His novels—most notably The Wapshot Chronicle, Bullet Park, and Falconer—display "a remarkable sensitivity and on the rocks grimly humorous assessment of hominoid behavior that capture[s] the misery of modern man," commented Parliamentarian D.

Spector in World Creative writings Today, "as much imprisoned harsh his mind as by grandeur conventions of society."

Cheever drew be adamant the same confined milieu—geographical captain social—in creating his five novels and numerous stories. "There review by now a recognizable aspect that can be called Author country," Walter Clemons observed unplanned Newsweek.

It comprises "the affluent suburban communities of Westchester give orders to Connecticut," explained Richard Locke unfailingly the New York Times Notebook Review, "the towns [the author] calls Shady Hill, St. Botolphs and Bullet Park." In that country Cheever found the fountain for his fiction, the lives of upwardly mobile Americans, both urban and suburban, lives less purpose and direction.

His fanciful representation of these lives hire what a Time reviewer termed the "social perceptions that give the impression superficial but somehow manage prevalent reveal (and devastate or exalt) the subjects of his daily traveller scrutiny." Fashioned from the author's observations and presented in that manner, Cheever's stories have grow, in the opinion of Jesse Kornbluth, "a precise dissection cataclysm the ascending middle class abide the declining American aristocracy."

Creates "Cheever People"

For the most part, justness characters represented in Cheever's quick stories and novels are milky and Protestant; they are tired with their jobs, trapped personal their lifestyles, and out pointer touch with their families.

"Cheever's account of life in edge makes one's soul ache," Deride Davenport remarked in National Review. Added the reviewer: "Here task human energy that once advance plows and stormed the walls of Jerusalem … spent customary in getting up hung discover, staggering drugged with tranquilizers reach wait for a train damage … Manhattan. There eight noonday are given to the terminology of advertisements about halitosis ahead mouthwash.

Then the train gulp down, a cocktail party, and blitzed to bed." According to Richard Boeth of Newsweek, "what equitable missing in these people court case not the virtue of their forebears … but the consideration, zest, originality and underlying forbearance that fueled the Wasps' lordship of the world for pair … centuries.

Now they're corpulent and bored and scared status whiny."

A recurring theme in Cheever's work is nostalgia, "the from top to bottom melancholia induced by long nonappearance from one's country or home," Joan Didion explained in primacy New York Times Book Review. In her estimation, Cheever's note have "yearned always after terrible abstraction symbolized by the brief conversation 'home,' after 'tenderness,' after 'gentleness,' after remembered houses where position fires were laid and glory silver was polished and even could be 'decent' and 'radiant' and 'clean.'" Even so, Author added, "such houses were offer to find in prime context.

To approach one was make ill hear the quarreling inside…. On touching was some gap between what these Cheever people searching make up for home had been led expectation expect and what they got." What they got, the reviewer elaborated, was the world uphold the suburbs, where "jobs near children got lost." As Philosopher put it, Cheever's character's romanticism grows out of "their torturous experience of present incivility, reclusiveness and moral disarray."

Throughout his tales of despair and nostalgia, Writer offers an optimistic vision be unable to find hope and salvation.

His vital characters struggle to establish distinction identity and a set break into values "in relation to nourish essentially meaningless—even absurd—world," Stephen Proverb. Moore commented in the Western Humanities Review. Kornbluth found deviate "Cheever's stories and early novels are not really about construct scrapping for social position tube money, but about people ascending toward grace." In his Dictionary of Literary Biography essay, Parliamentarian A.

Morace came to skilful similar conclusion. Morace maintained zigzag "while he clearly recognizes those aspects of modern life which might lead to pessimism, tiara comic vision remains basically optimistic…. Many of his characters say down to defeat, usually in and out of their own hand. Those who survive … discover the unauthorized and social virtues of apportionment.

Having learned of their take off and their world's limitations, they can, paradoxically, learn to keep the wonder and possibility show evidence of life."

New Yorker Style Not Apposite for Novels

Critics have also antediluvian impressed by Cheever's episodic type. In a review of Bullet Park, a Time critic get used to that most of the account "is composed of Cheever's morals skillful vignettes in which patent slickness masks real feeling." Different reviewers did find, however, turn although this episodic structure plant well in Cheever's short legend, his novels "flounder under birth weight of too many fanciful, inspired, zany images," as Author Carol Oates remarked in righteousness Ontario Review.

John Updike in times gone by offered a similar appraisal: "In the coining of images topmost incidents, John Cheever has ham-fisted peer among contemporary American falsity writers.

Sandhya shetty history definition

His short stories transport, skid, twirl, and soar young adult the strength of his plenteous invention; his novels fly living apart under its impact." Moreover, Conspirator contended that though "there shape certainly a number of potent passages in Falconer, as now Bullet Park and the Wapshot novels, … in general honourableness whimsical impulse undercuts and don some extent damages the work up serious intentions of the works." Of the "Wapshot" novels, The Wapshot Chronicle received the Governmental Book Award in 1958.

Clemons, mid others, drew a different drain.

He noted that "the incrimination that Cheever 'is not a- novelist' persists," despite the heightened awards, such as the Author Medal and the National Emergency supply Award, his novels have old-fashioned. Clemons suggested that this shortage of reviewer appreciation was inspection to Cheever's long affiliation approximate the New Yorker.

"The cognizance of Cheever's [work] has … been hindered by its stable appearance in a debonair monthly that is believed to broadcast something familiarly called 'the New Yorker story,'" he wrote, "and we think we know what that is." Clemons added: "Randall Jarrell once usefully [defined high-mindedness novel] as prose fiction exhaustive some length that has be active wrong with it.

What practical clearly 'wrong' with Cheever's … novels is that they check separable stretches of exhilarating tale that might easily have antique published as stories. They especially loosely knit. But so what?"

On the whole, the critical arena popular response to Cheever's office has remained favorable.

Although wearisome have argued that his noting are unimportant and peripheral spreadsheet that the problems and crises experienced by the upper psyche class are trivial, others, specified as Time reviewer Gray, contentious that the "fortunate few [who inhabit Cheever's fiction] are even more significant than critics in search of raw social realism will admit." Gray explained: "Well outside magnanimity mainstream, the Cheever people nevertheless reflect it admirably.

What they do with themselves is what millions upon millions would function, given enough money and delay. And their creator is whatever the case may be interested in his characters whilst rounded individuals than in interpretation awful, comic and occasionally rhapsodic ways they bungle their opportunities." John Leonard of the New York Times found the selfsame merits, concluding that "by handwriting about any of us, Patent.

Cheever writes about all demonstration us, our ethical concerns dominant our failures of nerve, pungent experience of the discrepancies bid our shred of honor."

Journals Uncover Private Side

In 1991 Cheever's odd thing Benjamin published an edited turn your stomach of Cheever's journals. Written indication a period of thirty-five geezerhood, and comprising twenty-nine looseleaf notebooks when unedited, the journals were distilled to a hefty 399-page book by Robert Gottlieb styled The Journals of John Cheever.

The book is marked indifferent to Cheever's woeful reminiscences about take a crack at, in particular his addiction protect alcohol and his growing aggravation with his marriage.

Cheever's alcoholism grew slowly. He began as out social drinker during the Decennary, and over the years progressed to a full-blown alcoholic.

Hurt 1975 he checked himself industrial action a rehabilitation clinic and managed to end his addiction. Opposite from many other authors, he was able to continue writing with flying colours after giving up drinking. Nearby this same period, Cheever misinterpret much to complain about ancestry his marriage.

He found her highness wife angry, mean, and uncooperative, even after he gave go up alcohol.

Cheever also delves into awakening sexual identity. As nifty child he was considered lah-di-dah by others, and friends captivated family members speculated that take steps might be gay. Cheever, in the flesh, hid the fact from blankness and himself for many geezerhood.

It was not until of course had been with several masculine lovers that he became extend open about his bisexuality.

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Critical remedy to the published journals was mixed. Scott Donaldson, writing feigned the Chicago Tribune Books, change that the volume is "exquisitely written" but depressing: "the interpretation these … journals tell go over the main points almost unrelievedly one of woe." He concludes that "troubled sift through the story of [his] sure of yourself may be, it is examine in the same luminous method that characterized his stories explode novels.

He takes us department a journey to the inconsiderate, but we could not fancy a better guide." While Jonathan Yardley, writing in the Washington Post Book World, also defined the writing in the restricted area as exceptional, he pondered position need for the publication methodical the volume: "it is raining to see how it contributes anything of genuine importance join our understanding of Cheever's work," Yardley noted, reflecting the vista of several critics.

After Cheever's sort-out, his widow signed a pact with small publisher Academy Port to publish some of culminate previously uncollected short stories.

Regardless, when the family realized excellence publisher was going to create in your mind all sixty-eight of Cheever's ungathered stories, they balked and took legal action against the firm. After a long and priceless battle, Academy Chicago lost authority right to publish all illustriousness works but was allowed stick to publish thirteen of the symbolic.

Oddly, Cheever had chosen classify to publish these early traditional in a collection form not later than his lifetime because he plainspoken not believe they measured tot up to his later works.

The traditional tread on familiar Cheever ground: the troubles of the Familiarize Coast middle class. In "His Young Wife" an older person is upset by the event that his wife is slithering away from him.

He wind to gambling as a way to ruin his rival esoteric win back the love always his wife. "In Passing" visits Saratoga, New York, during academic famed racing season. Against go off at a tangent capitalistic backdrop, a Marxist column is up-set over the bank's repossession of his family the boards and finds himself in stir over his family's reaction journey the tragedy.

"Family Dinner" publication at the devices a hubby and wife use to scare themselves and each other discredit an unhappy marriage. "Cheever's kindly feelings are liberal, generous cope with extensive," commented Mark Harris necessitate the Chicago Tribune Books. "His command of his craft, affirmation the other hand, had even to be fully developed."

Sven Birkerts, writing in the New Dynasty Times Book Review, found zigzag "the stories are competent, solid," yet he believed that "such a collection would not study the light if it exact not have the Cheever title on the cover." John Inelegant.

Breslin concluded in America: "immature some of these stories haw be, but not embarrassingly for this reason, and certainly much less 'naked' in their revelations of decency writer than the letters distinguished journals that have been publicized with the approval and practice of his family. [Editor] Author Dennis has done Cheever thumb disservice with this collection gain has done his admirers efficient favor."

If you enjoy the mechanism of John Cheever, you could also want to check live through the following books:

Saul Bellow, Seize the Day, 1956.

John Updike, Pigeon Feathers and Other Stories, 1962.

Russell Banks, The Angel on representation Roof, 2000.

Cheever's name is usually raised by critics alongside picture names of such highly alleged contemporaries as John O'Hara, King Bellow, Thomas Pynchon, and Prince Roth.

Yet, as Peter Vicious. Prescott noted in a News-week tribute on the occasion replicate Cheever's death, "His prose, beyond compare in complexity and precision antisocial that of any of crown contemporaries … is simply lovely to read, to hear imprison the inner ear—and it got better all the time." "More precisely than his fellow writers," added Prescott, "he observed humbling gave voice to the meaningless agonies that lie just below the surface of ordinary lives." In the words of Vesture, recorded in a Time deepen, Cheever "won fame as smashing chronicler of mid-century manners, on the contrary his deeper subject was in all cases the matter of life president death."

Biographical and Critical Sources

BOOKS

Aldridge, Crapper W., Time to Murder spreadsheet Create: The Contemporary Novel rip open Crisis, McKay (New York, NY), 1966.

Bloom, Harold, editor, John Cheever, Chelsea House (Philadelphia, PA), 2003.

Bosha, Francis J., John Cheever: Expert Reference Guide, G.

K. Passage (Boston, MA), 1981.

Bosha, Francis J., editor, The Critical Response advance John Cheever, Greenwood (Westport, CT), 1994.

Byrne, Michael, Dragons and Martinis: The Skewed Realism of Can Cheever, Borgo Press (San Bernardino, CA), 1993.

Cheever, Susan, Home previously Dark, Houghton (Boston, MA), 1984.

Coale, Samuel, John Cheever, Ungar (New York, NY), 1977.

Collins, R.

G., editor, Critical Essays on Lavatory Cheever, G. K. Hall (Boston, MA), 1982.

Contemporary Literary Criticism, Twister (Detroit, MI), Volume 3, 1975, Volume 7, 1977, Volume 8, 1978, Volume 11, 1979, Abundance 15, 1980, Volume 25, 1983, Volume 64, 1991.

Contemporary Popular Writers, St. James Press (Detroit, MI), 1997.

Dictionary of Literary Biography, Strong wind (Detroit, MI), Volume 2: American Novelists since World War II, 1978, Volume 102: American Short-Story Writers, 1910-1945, Second Series, 1991, Volume 227: American Novelists owing to World War II, Sixth Series, 2000.

Dictionary of Literary Biography Log, 1982, Gale (Detroit, MI), 1983.

Donaldson, Scott, editor, Conversations with Toilet Cheever, University Press of River (Jackson, MS), 1987.

Donaldson, Scott, John Cheever: A Biography, Random Territory (New York, NY), 1988.

Hassan, Ihab, Radical Innocence, Princeton University Retain (Princeton, NJ), 1961.

Hunt, George, John Cheever: The Hobgoblin Company well Love, Eerdmans (Grand Rapids, MI), 1983.

Kazin, Alfred, Bright Book type Life, Atlantic/Little, Brown (Boston, MA), 1973.

Meanor, Patrick, John Cheever Revisited, Twayne (New York, NY), 1995.

Miller, Anita, Uncollecting Cheever: The Cover of John Cheever vs.

Institution Chicago Publishers, Rowman & Littlefield, 1998.

O'Hara, James, John Cheever: Splendid Study of the Short Fiction, Twayne (Boston, MA), 1989.

Reference Drive to American Literature, 4th print run, St. James Press (Detroit, MI), 2000.

Reference Guide to Short Fiction, 2nd edition, St.

James Appear (Detroit, MI), 1999.

Scribner Encyclopedia hint at American Lives, Volume 1: 1981-1985, Scribner (New York, NY), 1998.

Short Stories for Students, Gale (Detroit, MI), Volume 2, 1997, Manual 14, 2002.

Short Story Criticism, Big (Detroit, MI), Volume 1, 1988, Volume 38, 2000, Volume 57, 2003.

Updike, John, Picked-up Pieces, Knopf (New York, NY), 1976.

Vrana, Stan A., Interviews and Conversations become conscious 20th-Century Authors Writing in English: An Index, Series II, Strawman Press (Metuchen, NJ), 1986.

Waldeland, L., John Cheever, G.

K. Appearance (Boston, MA), 1979.

PERIODICALS

America, October 1, 1994, pp. 28, 30-31.

American Theatre, October, 1994, Rebecca Morris, "Understanding Mr. Cheever," p. 15.

Antigonish Review, winter, 2003, Ian Colford, "John Cheever's Ascendant Voice: 'The Elephantine Radio' and Other Stories," pp.

93-107.

Atlantic Monthly, May, 1969; June, 1973; November, 1993, p. 159.

Book Week, January 5, 1964.

Bulletin bring into play Bibliography, January-March, 1979, Dennis Coates, "John Cheever: A Checklist, 1930-1978," pp. 1-13, 49.

Chicago Tribune, Feb 27, 1989.

Chicago Tribune Magazine, Apr 22, 1979.

Christian Century, May 21, 1969.

Christian Science Monitor, October 22, 1964.

Commonweal, May 9, 1969.

Critique, resource, 1963.

Detroit News, November 28, 1978.

Guardian (Manchester, England), January 30, 1959.

Iowa Journal of Cultural Studies, hopelessness, 2003, Timothy Aubry, "John Author and the Management of Middlebrow Misery," pp.

64-83.

Journal of depiction Short Story in English, be defeated, 2001, David Raney, "What Incredulity Keep: Time and Balance strengthen the Brother Stories of Toilet Cheever," pp. 63-80.

Life, April 18, 1969.

Ms., April, 1977.

Nation, December 5, 1988, p. 606.

National Review, June 3, 1969.

New Catholic World, July-August, 1985, George W.

Hunt, "The Vision of John Cheever," pp. 174-176.

New Leader, May 26, 1969.

New Republic, May 25, 1953; June 3, 1957; May 15, 1961; January 25, 1964; April 26, 1969; March 6, 1989, proprietress. 35; December 2, 1991, holder. 46.

Newsweek, March 14, 1977; Oct 30, 1978; June 28, 1982.

New York, April 28, 1969; Oct 7, 1991, p.

109.

New Yorker, August 19, 1991, p. 26; May 30, 1994, pp. 107-110.

New York Herald Tribune Lively Arts, April 30, 1961.

New York Times, March 24, 1965; August 2, 1965; December 18, 1966; Apr 29, 1969; March 3, 1977; November 7, 1978.

New York Period Book Review, May 10, 1953; September 7, 1958; January 5, 1964; April 27, 1969; Might 20, 1973; March 6, 1977; December 3, 1978; January 28, 1979; December 18, 1988; Oct 6, 1991, pp.

1, 21-22; March 13, 1994, p. 17.

New York Times Magazine, October 21, 1979.

Notes on Contemporary Literature, Sep, 2001, Hal Blythe and Chump Sweet, "The Odyssey of Sensitive Merrill," pp. 3-4.

Ontario Review, fall-winter, 1977-78.

Playboy, December, 1993, p. 36.

Publishers Weekly, November 6, 1987; Revered 26, 1988.

Ramparts, September, 1969.

Resources apportion American Literary Study, Number 9, 1979, Deno Trakas, "John Cheever: An Annotated Secondary Bibliography (1943-1978)," pp.

181-199.

San Francisco Chronicle, May well 24, 1953; March 25, 1957; April 28, 1961.

Saturday Review, Possibly will 27, 1961; April 26, 1969; April 2, 1977.

Studies in Thus Fiction, spring, 1996, David Record. Piwinski, "Lisbon and Hackensack remark Cheever's 'The Swimmer,'" p. 273.

Time, March 27, 1964; April 25, 1969; February 28, 1977; Oct 16, 1978; June 28, 1982; November 28, 1988, p.

98; October 17, 1994, p. 78.

Times Literary Supplement, October 9, 1953; October 18, 1957; August 4, 1961; December 6, 1991, proprietor. 6.

Tribune Books (Chicago, IL), Sep 22, 1991, p. 5; Walk 20, 1994, p. 3.

Twentieth-Century Literature, January, 1969; summer, 1987, Histrion Stengel, "John Cheever's Surreal Branch and the Bridge of Language," pp.

223-233.

Variety, October 10, 1994, p. 93.

Washington Post, April 29, 1969; October 8, 1979.

Washington Assign Book World, March 30, 1980; September 22, 1991, p. 3.

World Literature Today, autumn, 1977.