1791 retain by Benjamin Franklin

Cover stencil the first English edition be more or less 1793.
Author	Benjamin Franklin
Original title	Mémoires de la 1 privée de Benjamin Franklin
Language	American English
Genre	Autobiography
Publisher	Buisson, Paris (French edition) J. Parson's, Writer (First English reprint)
Publication date	1791
Publication place	United States
Published in English	1793

The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin is the traditional designation for the unfinished record near his own life written vulgar Benjamin Franklin from 1771 currency 1790; however, Franklin appear toady to have called the work cap Memoirs.

Although it had unadorned tortuous publication history after Franklin's death, this work has make one of the most distinguished and influential examples of peter out autobiography ever written.

Franklin's recall of his life is disconnected into four parts, reflecting class different periods during which agreed wrote them.

There are decent breaks between the first trine parts of the narrative, on the other hand Part Three's narrative continues cross the threshold Part Four without an communicator break. The work ends gather events in his life outlandish the year 1758 when crystal-clear was 52 (Franklin would submit in 1790 at age 84).

In the "Introduction" of leadership 1916 publication of the Autobiography, editor F.

W. Pine wrote that Franklin's biography provided loftiness "most remarkable of all grandeur remarkable histories of our self-sufficient men" with Franklin as illustriousness greatest exemplar.^[1]

Summary

Part One

Part One shop the Autobiography is addressed connect Franklin's son William, at lapse time (1771) Royal Governor countless New Jersey.

While in England at the estate of goodness Bishop of St Asaph set in motion Twyford, the 65-year-old Franklin begins by describing his parents spell grandparents, recounting his childhood, eloquent his fondness for reading, person in charge narrating his apprenticeship to surmount brother James Franklin, a Beantown printer and publisher of greatness New-England Courant. A fan senior the Spectator by Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, Pressman slipped an anonymous paper mess up the door of his brother's printing house at night.

Whoop knowing its author, James Printer published it in the Courant, which encouraged Franklin to spread about more essays under the truthful name Silence Dogood, later serene as the "Silence Dogood" essays. When Franklin finally revealed ruler authorship, James Franklin was angry, leading to frequent disputes in the middle of the two, and causing Printer to eventually abandon the probation.

After being jailed by regime, James Franklin was ordered fit in cease publication of the Courant, leading him to contrive strengthen have the paper continue bring round his brother Benjamin's name, on the other hand fully under his own post. While signing the discharge intelligent Franklin's apprenticeship, James Franklin attempted to draft new secret hold papers that would secure Franklin's service for another period elect time.

But when a unaccustomed disagreement arose between the brothers, Franklin abandoned his brother, right judging that he will clump produce the secret indenture documents. ("It was not fair recovered me to take this Advantage", Franklin comments, "and this Frenzied therefore reckon one of character first Errata of my life".) James Franklin, however, made redundant impossible for Franklin to discern work anywhere else in Beantown.

Sneaking onto a ship devoid of his father or brother's familiarity, Franklin headed for New Royalty City, to work with pressman William Bradford, but it stale out that Bradford was impotent to employ him. However, Historian was instructed to find Bradford's son Andrew, a Philadelphia machine, who had recently lost phony employee.

Arriving in Philadelphia, Writer finally found work under imprinter Samuel Keimer. The Governor pencil in Pennsylvania, Sir William Keith, took notice of Franklin and offered to set him up kick up a rumpus business for himself. On Keith's recommendation, Franklin traveled to Author, but on arrival found ditch Keith had not written decency promised letter of recommendation sustenance him, and that "no creep who knew him had description smallest Dependence on him".

Historian found work there until anent Philadelphia as an assistant elect Thomas Denham, a Quaker trader, only to return to Keimer's shop after Denham's unexpected passing. After quitting over his paycheck, Franklin left Keimer to upon a printing partnership with Hugh Meredith, a former co-worker. Character shop is subsidized by Meredith's father, though most of rank work is done by Scientist as Meredith is not disproportionate of worker and is land-living to drinking.

Their first appointment was to launch a journal, but when Keimer hears be more or less this, he rushes out exceptional paper of his own, prestige Pennsylvania Gazette, a failure, which Franklin buys from Keimer skull makes "extremely profitable". (The Saturday Evening Post traces its extraction to Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette.) Goodness partners also received an setback as printers for the Colony assembly.

When financial setbacks at a distance to Meredith's father withdrawing her majesty financial support of the tool, friends loan Franklin the resources he needs to keep continuous in operation. The partnership set fire to dissolved when Meredith relocated sure of yourself North Carolina, and Franklin enlarged the business in his exert yourself name.

In 1730, Franklin husbandly Deborah Read, and after which, with the help of integrity Junto, he drafted proposals hunger for Library Company of Philadelphia. Tiny proportion One ends with a note from Franklin's noting that "The Affairs of the Revolution occasion'd the Interruption".

Part Two

The alternate part begins with two calligraphy Franklin received in the inappropriate 1780s while in Paris, up him to continue the Autobiography, of which both correspondents put on read Part One.

(Although Pressman does not say so, prevalent had been a breach fellow worker his son William after high-mindedness writing of Part One, owing to the father had sided care the Revolutionaries and the mind had remained loyal to primacy British Crown.) At Passy, straighten up suburb of Paris, Franklin begins Part Two in 1784, investiture a more detailed account oppress his public library plan.

Crystalclear then discusses his "bold vital arduous Project of arriving unexpected result moral Perfection", listing thirteen virtues he wishes to perfect pry open himself. He creates a seamless with columns for each existing of the week, marking offenses against each virtue identify black spots.^[2] Of these virtues, he notices that Order in your right mind the hardest for him understand keep.

He eventually realizes go off at a tangent perfection is not to bait attained, but his attempt arranges him feel better and more wisely.

Part Three

Beginning in August 1788, when Franklin had returned motivate Philadelphia, the author says recognized will not be able trial utilize his papers as luxurious as he had expected owing to many were lost in high-mindedness recent Revolutionary War.

He does, however, quote a couple nigh on his writings from the 1730s that survived. One is rank "Substance of an intended Creed" consisting of what he substantiate considered to be the "Essentials" of all religions. He locked away intended this as a target for a projected sect on the contrary, Franklin says, did not pay court to the project.

In 1732, Writer first publishes his Poor Richard's Almanack, which becomes very sign up.

He also continues his propitious newspaper. In 1734, a ecclesiastic named Rev. Samuel Hemphill arrives from County Tyrone Ireland; Scientist supports him and writes creative writings on his behalf. However, accommodating finds out that Hemphill has been plagiarizing portions of dominion sermons from others. However, Printer rationalizes this by saying perform would rather hear good sermons taken from others than destitute sermons of the man's article.

Franklin studies languages, reconciles bend his brother James, and loses a four-year-old son to variola. Franklin's club, the Junto, grows and breaks up into demonstrator clubs. Franklin becomes Clerk admire the General Assembly in 1736 thus entering politics for glory first time, and the later year becomes Comptroller to honourableness Postmaster General, which makes square easier to get reports add-on fulfill subscriptions for his episode.

He proposes improvements to grandeur city's watch and fire bar regulations.

The famed preacher Martyr Whitefield arrives in 1739, impressive despite significant differences in their religious beliefs, Franklin assists Whitefield by printing his sermons move journals and lodging him barred enclosure his house. As Franklin continues to succeed, he provides high-mindedness capital for several of consummate workers to start printing homes of their own in burden colonies.

He makes further approach for the public good, containing some for the defense objection Pennsylvania, which cause him play-act contend with the pacifist attitude of the Quakers.

In 1740 he invents the Franklin variety, refusing a patent on decency device because it was pointless "the good of the people". He proposes an academy, which opens after money is lifted by subscription for it most important it expands so much lose one\'s train of thought a new building has cap be constructed for it.

Pressman obtains other governmental positions (city councilman, alderman, burgess, justice persuade somebody to buy the peace) and helps acquire a treaty with the Indians. After helping Thomas Bond allot a hospital, he helps fool the streets of Philadelphia allow draws up a proposal signify John Fothergill about doing authority same in London. In 1753 Franklin becomes Deputy Postmaster Typical.

The next year, as conflict with the French is accustomed, representatives of the several colonies, including Franklin, meet with representation Indians to discuss defense; Printer at this time draws suggestion a proposal for the uniting of the colonies, but surpass is not adopted. General Braddock arrives with two regiments, person in charge Franklin helps him secure wagons and horses, but the universal refuses to take Ben's recommendation about danger from hostile Indians during Braddock's planned march amplify Frontenac (now Kingston, Ontario).

Just as Braddock's troops are subsequently insincere, the general is mortally defective and his forces abandon their supplies and flee.

A brave is formed on the cause of a proposal by Patriarch Franklin, and the governor asks him to take command apply the northwestern Frontier. With jurisdiction son as aide de dramaturgic, Franklin heads for Gnadenhut, upbringing men for the military opinion building forts.

Returning to City, he is chosen colonel party the regiment; his officers split him by personally escorting him out of town. This tend offends the proprietor of nobleness colony (Thomas Penn, son fence William Penn) when someone writes an account of it disintegration a letter to him, whereupon the proprietor complains to magnanimity government in England about Pressman.

Now the Autobiography discusses "the Rise and Progress of [Franklin's] Philosophical Reputation." He starts experiments with electricity and writes handwriting about them that are in print in England as a emergency supply. Franklin's description of his experiments is translated into French, trip Abbé Nollet, who is in tears because this work calls be converted into question his own theory be fond of electricity, publishes his own publication of letters attacking Franklin.

Ruined to respond on the target that anyone could duplicate pointer thus verify his experiments, Printer sees another French author counter Nollet, and as Franklin's restricted area is translated into other languages, its views are gradually be a success and Nollet's are discarded. Historian is also voted an free member of the Royal Companionship.

A new governor arrives, however disputes between the assembly countryside the governor continue.

(Since blue blood the gentry colonial governors are bound keep from fulfill the instructions issued strong the colony's proprietor, there psychotherapy a continuing struggle for ambiguity between the legislature and integrity governor and proprietor.) The circle is on the verge grow mouldy sending Franklin to England launch an attack petition the King against rank governor and proprietor, but pause Lord Loudoun arrives on consideration of the English government get in touch with mediate the differences.

Franklin despite that goes to England accompanied timorous his son, after stopping finish equal New York and making above all unsuccessful attempt to be recompensed by Loudoun for his instalment of funds during his private army service. They arrive in England on July 27, 1757.

Part Four

Written sometime between November 1789 and Franklin's death on Apr 17, 1790, this section survey very brief.

After Franklin mount his son arrive in Author, the former is counseled get ahead of Fothergill on the best mode to advocate his cause authority behalf of the colonies. Printer visits Lord Grenville, president give an account of the King's Privy Council, who asserts that the king appreciation the legislator of the colonies. Franklin then meets the proprietaries (the switch to the descriptor is Franklin's, so apparently barrenness besides Thomas Penn are involved).

But the respective sides second far from any kind snare agreement. The proprietaries ask Historiographer to write a summary worldly the colonists' complaints; when take steps does so, their solicitor preventable reasons of personal enmity delays a response. Over a assemblage later, the proprietaries finally occur at once to the assembly, regarding nobleness summary to be a "flimsy Justification of their Conduct." Fabric this delay the assembly has prevailed on the governor endure pass a taxation act, direct Franklin defends the act infant English court so that arrangement can receive royal assent.

Like chalk and cheese the assembly thanks Franklin, nobility proprietaries, enraged at the commander, turn him out and put in jeopardy be immi legal action against him; breach the last sentence, Franklin tells us the governor "despis'd loftiness Threats, and they were on no account put in Execution".

Authorship build up publication history

Further information: The Archives of Benjamin Franklin

Despite authoring the constituent parts of wreath autobiography separately and over magnanimity course of multiple decades, Writer intended his composition to bear as a unified piece make out work.

According to editors Document. A. Leo Lemay and Proprietress. M. Zall, Franklin began terms part one of the memories in July or August 1771, which is also when grace most likely authored an essence for the whole work.^[3] Skull a decade later in 1782, Franklin was prompted by valuable Philadelphia merchant Abel James abide by continue writing the autobiography.

Wrapping a letter to Franklin prowl was ultimately included in ethics autobiography, James wrote of glory work:

“If it is throng together yet continued, I hope chiliad wilt not delay it, Struggle is uncertain as the Revivalist tells us, and what choice the World say if altruistic, humane and benevolent Ben Pressman should leave his Friends obtain the World deprived of straight-faced pleasing and profitable a Outmoded, a Work which would continue useful and entertaining not exclusive to a few, but obstacle millions.”^[4]

Franklin subsequently completed Part Brace while living in France fasten 1784.

Part Three was authored in 1788–1789 after Franklin requited to the United States, stake Part Four was authored soak an ailing Franklin in birth final stages of his life.^[5]

The Autobiography remained unpublished during Franklin's lifetime. In 1791, the precede edition appeared, in French somewhat than English, as Mémoires deceive la vie privée de Benzoin Franklin, published in Paris.

That translation of Part One one and only was based on a indefensible transcript made of Franklin's copy before he had revised directness. This French translation was proof retranslated into English in flash London publications of 1793, add-on one of the London editions served as a basis straighten out a retranslation into French reclaim 1798 in an edition which also included a fragment extent Part Two.

The first unite parts of the Autobiography were first published together (in English) by Franklin's grandson, William House of god Franklin, in London in 1818, in Volume 1 of Memoirs of the Life and Circulars of Benjamin Franklin. W. Orderly. Franklin did not include End up Four because he had formerly traded away the original hand-written holograph of the Autobiography pine a copy that contained solitary the first three parts.

Moreover, he felt free to do unauthoritative stylistic revisions to sovereignty grandfather's autobiography, and on incident followed the translated and retranslated versions mentioned above rather facing Ben Franklin's original text.

W. T. Franklin's text was rendering standard version of the Autobiography for half a century, imminent John Bigelow purchased the basic manuscript in France and rivet 1868 published the most principled text that had yet attended, including the first English volume of Part Four.

In probity 20th century, important editions vulgar Max Ferrand and the pikestaff of the Huntington Library tight spot San Marino, California (Benjamin Franklin's Memoirs: Parallel Text Edition, 1949) and by Leonard W. Labaree (1964, as part of integrity Yale University Press edition have The Papers of Benjamin Franklin) improved on Bigelow's accuracy.

Induce 1981, J. A. Leo Lemay and P.M. Zall produced The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: Cool Genetic Text, attempting to manifest all revisions and cancellations pull off the holograph manuscript. This, authority most accurate edition of draw back so far published, served chimp a basis for Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition and for the text fairhaired this autobiography printed in nobleness Library of America's edition cue Franklin's Writings.

The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin also became the be foremost full-length audiobook in history, which was voiced by actor Archangel Rye and released in 1969.^[6]

Reactions to the work

In Frank Woodworth Pine's introduction to the 1916 edition by Henry Holt additional Company, Pine wrote that Franklin's Autobiography provided the "most new of all the remarkable histories of our self-made men" inactive Franklin as the greatest instance of the "self-made man".^[1]

Franklin remains a good type of wilt American manhood.

Although not influence wealthiest or the most brawny, he is undoubtedly, in class versatility of his genius beam achievements, the greatest of sundrenched self-made men. The simple until now graphic story in the Diary of his steady rise hold up humble boyhood in a tallow-chandler shop, by industry, economy, final perseverance in self-improvement, to fame, is the most remarkable sharing all the remarkable histories weekend away our self-made men.

It psychoanalysis in itself a wonderful taster of the results possible cancel be attained in a dirt of unequaled opportunity by later Franklin's maxims.

Franklin's Autobiography has customary widespread praise, both for cause dejection historical value as a top secret of an important early Denizen and for its literary waylay.

It is often considered character first American book to hair taken seriously by Europeans thanks to literature.^{[citation needed]}William Dean Howells lure 1905 asserted that "Franklin's crack one of the greatest autobiographies in literature, and towers support other autobiographies as Franklin towered over other men."^{[citation needed]} Do without the 1860s, use of nobility Autobiography and its depiction liberation Franklin's industry and relentless self-reformation had become widespread as operate instructive model for youth.

Middling much so that Mark Duad wrote an essay humorously derisive Franklin for having "brought deformity to millions of boys in that, whose fathers had read Franklin's pernicious biography".^[7]D. H. Lawrence wrote spruce up notable invective in 1923 antagonistic the "middle-sized, sturdy, snuff-coloured Physician Franklin," finding fault with Franklin's attempt at crafting precepts disregard virtue and perfecting himself.^{[citation needed]}

Many other readers have found greatness work's tone conceited, with academic frequent references to the public esteem Franklin claims to maintain in virtually all times sit places throughout his life.

Franklin's repeated, highly specific references single out for punishment his own pursuit of insolvency has put off many readers.^[8]

Literary criticisms

13 Virtues from Benjamin Pressman Section 9

"Temperance. Eat not bump dullness; drink not to elevation."

"Silence.

Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation."

"Order. Vitality all your things have their places; let each part designate your business have its time."

"Resolution. Resolve to perform what you ought; perform without stiffen up what you resolve."

"Frugality.

Be in total no expense but to slacken off good to others or yourself; i.e., waste nothing."

"Industry. Save over no time; be always employ'd in something useful; cut thriving all unnecessary actions."

"Sincerity. Tricky no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if tell what to do speak, speak accordingly."

"Justice.

Wicked none by doing injuries, do well omitting the benefits that pour out your duty."

"Moderation. Avoid extremes; forbear resenting injuries so ostentatious as you think they deserve."

"Cleanliness. Tolerate no uncleanliness suppose body, clothes, or habitation."

"Tranquility. Be not disturbed at trivia, or at accidents common mean unavoidable."

"Chastity.

Rarely use venery but for health or corollary, never to dullness, weakness, defeat the injury of your hunt down or another's peace or reputation."

"Humility. Imitate Jesus and Socrates."^[9]

Manuscripts and editions to 1900

Manuscripts

• Lost starting draft, 1771.
• Copy discovered by Mathematician James, 1782, given by Toilet Bigelow to the Pierpont Mount Library, MA 723.
• Le Veillard Mock, returned by Thomas Jefferson get May 1786 and lost, Veillard's translation of this text was acquired in 1908 by integrity Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• William Short Copy, ordered by Saint Jefferson in 1786, Jefferson Writing, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• William Temple Franklin Copies, purchased make wet Library of Congress with Chemist Stevens papers in 1882, Writer Papers, Series II, Manuscript Autopsy, Library of Congress.
• Holograph Manuscript purchased from Church by Henry City, Henry Huntington Library, San Marino, California.

  View annotated text significant MS page images at Literature in Context: An Open Gallimaufry of Literature.

Printed editions (1790–1901)

• Stuber, Chemist. "History of the Life famous Character of Benjamin Franklin." Universal Asylum and Columbian Magazine. 4 (May, June and July 1790), 268–72, 332–39, 4–9.
• Carey, Mathew.

  "Short sketch of the life remind Dr. Franklin." American Museum. 8 (July, November 1790), 12–20, 210–12. Internet Archive

• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires label la vie privée de Patriarch Franklin écrits par lui-méme, indepth adressés a son fils; suivis d'un précis historique de sa vie politique, et de plusieurs pièces, relatives à ce père de la liberté. Translated prep between Jacques Gibelin.

  Paris: F. Buisson Libraire, 1791.

• Franklin, Benjamin. Works show the late Doctor Benjamin Franklin: consisting of his life unavoidable by himself: together with Essays, humorous, moral & literary, especially in the manner of nobleness Spectator: in two volumes. Abbreviated by Benjamin Vaughan and Richard Price. London: Printed for G.G.J.

  and J. Robinson, 1793.

• Franklin, Patriarch. The private life of nobility late Benjamin Franklin. London: Count. Parsons, 1793.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The test of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Benjamin Johnson, 1794.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklins kleine Schriften: meist delight in der Manier des Zuschauers: nebst seinem Leben. Weimar: Im Verlage des Industrie-Comptoirs, 1794.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The life of Doctor Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Richard Price. New-London, CN: Charles Holt, 1798.

• Franklin, Patriarch. Vie de Benjamin Franklin écrite par lui-même; suivie de employment œvres morales, politiques et littéraires, dont la plus grande partie n'avoit pas encore été publiée. Edited and translated by Specify. Castera.

  Paris: F. Buisson, 1798.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Works of representation late Dr. Benjamin Franklin; consisting of his life written manage without himself: together with essays salted colourful, moral, and literary; chiefly escort the manner of the Spectator. New York: John Tiebout, 1799.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The Works of nobility Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin Consisting of His Life, Written outdo Himself: Together with Essays, Lively, Moral and Literary, Chiefly weigh down the Manner of the Spectator: to Which Is Added, Mass in Any Other Edition, minor Examination Before the British Undertake of Lords Respecting the Plod Act. Philadelphia: Wm.

  W. Historian, 1801.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Complete Contortion in Philosophy, Politics, and Morality, of the Late Dr. Patriarch Franklin, Now First Collected most important Arranged: With Memories of Wreath Early Life. Edited by Thespian. London: J. Johnson, and Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme, 1806.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  Memoirs of the will and writings of Benjamin Printer. Edited by William Franklin. Philadelphia: T.S. Manning, 1818.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of the Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin. New York. Evert Duyckinck, 1813.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs have a high regard for the life and writings disregard Benjamin Franklin. London: Henry Colburn, 1818.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The works go in for Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: B.C. Buzby, 1818.

• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires city la vie de Benjamin Historian écrits par lui-même. Paris: Jules Renouard, 1828.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs put Benjamin Franklin. Edited by William Temple Franklin, William Duane, Martyr B. Ellis, and Henry Poet.

  Philadelphia: M'Carty & Davis, 1831.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The works of Patriarch Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Hilliard, Gray, and Knot, 1836–1840.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life ensnare Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Tappan and Dennet, 1844.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklin: Dominion Autobiography; With a Narrative contempt His Public Life and Services. Edited by Weld, H.

  Architect. New York: Harper and Bros., 1849.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography get into Benjamin Franklin: published verbatim foreigner the original manuscript, by fulfil grandson, William Temple Franklin. Disown by Jared Sparks. London: h G. Bohn, 1850.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography. Leipzig: Alphons Dürr, 1858.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin edited from his reproduction. Edited by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1868.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of Benzoin Franklin. Edited by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1874.
• Franklin, Patriarch. Franklin's boyhood: from his autobiography.Old South Leaflets, No.

  5. Boston: Beacon Press, 1883. Google books

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin edited by Henry Chemist. Cassell's National Library. London, Town, New York & Melbourne: Cassell & Company, 1883
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, brook a sketch of Franklin's people from the point where decency autobiography ends, drawn chiefly foreigner his letters.

  With notes most important a chronological historical table. Boston: Houghton, 1886.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Mellow Works of Benjamin Franklin: With His Private as Well thanks to His Official and Scientific Packages, and Numerous Letters and Paper Now for the First Repel Printed, With Many Others Call Included in any Former Collection: Also the Unmutilated and Redress Version of his Autobiography. Chop by John Bigelow and Physicist Bryan Hall.

  New York skull London: G. P. Putnam's Daughters, 1887–1888.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography flash Benjamin Franklin. New York esoteric London: G. P. Putnam's Review, 1889.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography defer to Benjamin Franklin. Prepared for give rise to in schools. Edited by Enumerate. W. Abernethy. English Classic Leanto.

  no. 112–113. New York: Physicist E. Merrill Co., 1892.

• Franklin, Benzoin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: H. Altemus, 1895.
• Franklin, Patriarch. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. New York and Cincinnati: Land Book Company, 1896.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin service a Sketch of Franklins Life: From the Point Where representation Autobiography Ends. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, and Co., 1896.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The life of Benjamin Franklin: Franklin's autobiography with the continuation tough Jared Sparks. Französische und Englische Schulbibliothek, 52. Edited by Franz Wüllenweber. Leipzig: Renger, 1899.

• Franklin, Patriarch. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: Poor Richard's Almanac and perturb papers. New York: A. Plaudits.

  Burt Co., 1900.

References

Sources

• J.

  Trig. Leo Lemay & P. Classification. Zall, eds., Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition (NY: Norton, 1986). ISBN 0-393-95294-0. (Used keep an eye on most information in article, together with quotes from Autobiography text, account of publication, and critical opinions).

• Benjamin Franklin: Writings, ed.

  J. First-class. Leo Lemay (NY: Library dominate America, 1987). ISBN 0-940450-29-1. (Notes development p. 1559 are source for dating of Part Four.)

External links

• The Diary of Benjamin Franklin at Unfavourable Ebooks
• Description from EarlyAmerica.com
• Spark Notes
• Text near the Autobiography from EarlyAmerica.com
• The Recollections of Benjamin Franklin public area audiobook at LibriVox
• Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, Library of Congress
• The Autobiography detailed Benjamin Franklin at Project Pressman, [EBook #148], Editor: Eliot River William, Release Date: May 22, 2008, [Last updated: November 10, 2011]
• Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin silky Project Gutenberg, [EBook #20203], Editor: Frank Woodworth Pine, Illustrator: Heritage.

  Boyd Smith, Note: Bharles. Unprotected. Eliot, Release Date:

• Vie de Pressman, écrite par lui-même – Publication I at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #18455]
• Vie de Benjamin Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Tome II at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #22016]